Beaufrère Hugues, Acierno Mark, Mitchell Mark, Guzman David Sanchez-Migallon, Bryant Heather, Tully Thomas N
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
J Avian Med Surg. 2011 Jun;25(2):91-6. doi: 10.1647/2010-015.1.
Birds are routinely presented to veterinarians for dehydration. Success with these cases ultimately depends on providing replacement fluids and re-establishing fluid homeostasis. Few studies have been done to determine reference ranges for plasma osmolality in birds. The goals of this study were to determine reference values for plasma osmolality in 3 species of parrots and to provide recommendations on fluid selection for replacement therapy in these species. Blood samples were collected from 21 adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis), 21 Congo African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus), and 9 red-fronted macaws (Ara rubrogenys), and were placed into lithium heparin containers. Plasma osmolality was measured in duplicate with a freezing point depression osmometer. Summary statistics were computed from the average values. Reference ranges, calculated by using the robust method, were 288-324, 308-345, and 223-369 mOsm/kg in African grey parrots, Hispaniolan Amazon parrots, and red-fronted macaws, respectively. The mean +/- SD values were 306 +/- 7, 327 +/- 7, and 304 +/- 18 mOsm/kg in African grey parrots, Hispaniolan Amazon parrots, and red-fronted macaws, respectively. Comparisons with osmolality values in mammals and values previously reported for psittacine bird species suggest that plasma osmolality is slightly higher in parrots than in mammals, species-specific differences exist, and differences between reported values occur. Overall, fluids with an osmolarity close to 300-320 mOsm/L, such as Normosol-R, Plasmalyte-R, Plasmalyte-A, and NaCl 0.9%, can be recommended in parrots for fluid replacement therapy when isotonic fluids are required.
鸟类经常因脱水被送到兽医处。这些病例的成功最终取决于补充液体并重新建立液体平衡。很少有研究确定鸟类血浆渗透压的参考范围。本研究的目的是确定3种鹦鹉的血浆渗透压参考值，并为这些物种的替代疗法提供液体选择建议。从21只成年伊斯帕尼奥拉亚马逊鹦鹉（Amazona ventralis）、21只刚果非洲灰鹦鹉（Psittacus erithacus erithacus）和9只红额金刚鹦鹉（Ara rubrogenys）采集血样，并放入含锂肝素的容器中。用冰点降低渗透压计对血浆渗透压进行双份测定。根据平均值计算汇总统计数据。采用稳健方法计算的参考范围在非洲灰鹦鹉、伊斯帕尼奥拉亚马逊鹦鹉和红额金刚鹦鹉中分别为288 - 324、308 - 345和223 - 369 mOsm/kg。非洲灰鹦鹉、伊斯帕尼奥拉亚马逊鹦鹉和红额金刚鹦鹉的平均±标准差分别为306±7、327±7和304±18 mOsm/kg。与哺乳动物的渗透压值以及先前报道的鹦鹉科鸟类物种的值进行比较表明，鹦鹉的血浆渗透压略高于哺乳动物，存在物种特异性差异，且报道的值之间也存在差异。总体而言，当需要等渗液体时，对于鹦鹉的液体替代疗法，可推荐渗透压接近300 - 320 mOsm/L的液体，如Normosol - R、Plasmalyte - R、Plasmalyte - A和0.9%氯化钠溶液。
