Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, 925 W. 34th St., Los Angeles, Calif. 90089-0641, USA.
J Am Dent Assoc. 2011 Sep;142 Suppl 3:3S-7S. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2011.0340.
Providing effective pain control is a critical part of dental treatment, yet achieving consistently reliable anesthesia in the mandible has proved elusive. The traditional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) has a high failure rate; for example, the failure rate in lateral incisors is 81 percent. As a consequence, new approaches and techniques have been developed. The purpose of this supplement to The Journal of the American Dental Association is to determine whether the mandibular nerve block has become passé.
The high failure rate of the IANB can be frustrating for dentists and lead to discomfort for the patient during treatment. The reasons for this high failure rate include thickness of the cortical plate of bone in adults, thickness of the soft tissue at the injection site leading to increased needle deflection, the difficulty of locating the inferior alveolar nerve and the possibility of accessory innervation. Although the IANB can be unreliable, it is used commonly to provide mandibular anesthesia.
Pain control is an essential part of dental treatment. Alternative injection techniques and devices that can help increase the success rate of mandibular anesthesia are available.
提供有效的疼痛控制是牙科治疗的关键部分，但在临床上下颌骨麻醉一直难以达到可靠的效果。传统的下牙槽神经阻滞（IANB）的失败率很高；例如，在侧切牙中的失败率为 81%。因此，已经开发了新的方法和技术。本期《美国牙科协会杂志》增刊旨在探讨下颌神经阻滞是否已经过时。
IANB 的高失败率可能会令牙医感到沮丧，并导致患者在治疗过程中感到不适。导致这种高失败率的原因包括成年人下颌骨皮质板的厚度、注射部位软组织的厚度导致针的偏转增加、下牙槽神经定位的难度以及可能存在的副神经支配。尽管 IANB 可能不可靠，但它常用于提供下颌麻醉。
疼痛控制是牙科治疗的重要组成部分。有一些替代的注射技术和设备可以帮助提高下颌麻醉的成功率。
