Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2011 Nov;17(6):406-11. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32834b7e04.
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is common and a potentially devastating public health challenge. EDS has been implicated as a contributing factor to workplace injury, motor vehicle accidents, cardiovascular disease, and impaired quality of life. Subjective self-report measures have failed to sufficiently quantify EDS. The use of objective tools found in sleep laboratories is therefore fundamental in the management of patients with EDS. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current methods used to quantify sleepiness, and to highlight recent advances.
The Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), normally used for the diagnosis of narcolepsy, can be a useful tool in recognizing other forms of sleepiness. The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) has also been confirmed as an important test to identify EDS, as well as to provide an indicator of future risk of accidents. Modifications and newer tests have been discussed with potential applications for the future.
Objective tests such as the MSLT and MWT are useful in the diagnosis and management of patients with EDS. However, the relatively high cost can restrict their overall usefulness in clinical medicine. Newer simple tests are under development.
日间过度嗜睡（EDS）较为常见，是一种具有潜在破坏性的公共健康挑战。EDS 可导致工作场所受伤、机动车事故、心血管疾病和生活质量受损。主观自我报告测量未能充分量化 EDS。因此，在 EDS 患者的管理中，使用睡眠实验室中的客观工具是至关重要的。本文旨在概述当前用于量化嗜睡的方法，并强调最新进展。
多导睡眠图（MSLT）通常用于诊断发作性睡病，但也可以作为识别其他类型嗜睡的有用工具。维持觉醒试验（MWT）也被证实是识别 EDS 以及提供未来事故风险指标的重要试验。已经讨论了修改和更新的测试及其潜在的未来应用。
MSLT 和 MWT 等客观测试有助于 EDS 患者的诊断和管理。然而，相对较高的成本可能会限制其在临床医学中的整体实用性。正在开发新的简单测试。
