Witt Jessica K, Schuck Donald M, Taylor J Eric T
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Perception. 2011;40(5):530-7. doi: 10.1068/p6910.
Action-specific effects on perception are apparent in terrestrial environments. For example, targets that require more effort to walk, jump, or throw to look farther away than when the targets require less effort. Here, we examined whether action-specific effects would generalize to an underwater environment. Instead, perception might be geometrically precise, rather than action-specific, in an environment that is novel from an evolutionary perspective. We manipulated ease to swim by giving participants swimming flippers or taking them away. Those who estimated distance while wearing the flippers judged underwater targets to be closer than did participants who had taken them off. In addition, participants with better swimming ability judged the targets to be closer than did those with worse swimming ability. These results suggest perceived distance underwater is a function of the perceiver's ability to swim to the targets.
特定动作对感知的影响在陆地环境中很明显。例如，相较于对需要较少努力去行走、跳跃或投掷的目标，对需要更多努力去行走、跳跃或投掷的目标会感知得更远。在此，我们研究了特定动作效应是否会推广到水下环境。相反，从进化角度来看是全新的环境中，感知可能在几何上是精确的，而非特定动作的。我们通过给参与者提供游泳脚蹼或拿走脚蹼来操控游泳的难易程度。戴着脚蹼估计距离的参与者判断水下目标比摘下脚蹼的参与者更近。此外，游泳能力较好的参与者判断目标比游泳能力较差的参与者更近。这些结果表明，水下感知距离是感知者游向目标能力的函数。
