Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Inserm CIC03, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.
Microcirculation. 2012 Jan;19(1):47-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00129.x.
For more than two decades, methods for the non-invasive exploration of cutaneous microcirculation have been mainly based on optical microscopy and laser Doppler techniques. In this review, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of these techniques. Although optical microscopy-derived techniques, such as nailfold videocapillaroscopy, have found clinical applications, they mainly provide morphological information about the microvessels. Laser Doppler techniques coupled with reactivity tests are widespread in the field of microvascular function research, but many technical issues need to be taken into account when performing these tests. Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia and local thermal hyperemia have been shown to be reliable tests, although their underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside iontophoresis, despite their wide use as specific tests of endothelium-dependent and -independent function, respectively, show limitations. The influence of the skin site, recording conditions, and the way of expressing data are also reviewed. Finally, we focus on promising tools such as laser speckle contrast imaging.
二十多年来，用于无创性探测皮肤微循环的方法主要基于光学显微镜和激光多普勒技术。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些技术的优缺点。尽管基于光学显微镜的技术，如甲襞微血管显微镜检查，已经有了临床应用，但它们主要提供关于微血管的形态学信息。激光多普勒技术与反应性测试相结合在微血管功能研究领域得到了广泛应用，但在进行这些测试时需要考虑许多技术问题。闭塞后反应性充血和局部热充血已被证明是可靠的测试，尽管其潜在机制尚未完全了解。乙酰胆碱和硝普钠离子电渗，尽管它们分别作为内皮依赖性和非依赖性功能的特异性测试广泛应用，但也存在局限性。皮肤部位、记录条件和数据表达方式的影响也进行了综述。最后，我们关注一些有前途的工具，如激光散斑对比成像。
