University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8380, USA.
Behav Modif. 2011 Nov;35(6):553-69. doi: 10.1177/0145445511416635. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
An attempt was made to modify the Gambling Functional Assessment (GFA), which was proposed to identify four possible contingencies maintaining the respondent's gambling behavior. However, previous research found that it only identified two contingencies (i.e., positive vs. negative reinforcement), with some items cross-loading on both contingencies and one not loading at all. A total of 1,060 undergraduate students completed a revised version of the GFA containing 22 items. Exploratory factor analyses conducted on a random selection of half of the participants led to a two-factor solution (positive and negative reinforcement) for 16 of the items that strongly loaded on the two factors. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted using structural equation modeling on the data from the other half of the sample confirmed the two-factor model. The GFA-Revised consists of 16 items, 8 each measuring positive and negative reinforcement contingencies. Although this revised measure cleanly parses the two contingencies, the data indicate that gambling maintained by positive reinforcement is more frequent than gambling maintained by negative reinforcement. This outcome will make directly comparing the two contingencies difficult, especially given that evidence suggests that gambling maintained by negative reinforcement is more strongly associated with pathology than gambling maintained by positive reinforcement.
尝试对赌博功能评估（GFA）进行修改，该评估旨在确定维持受访者赌博行为的四种可能的连续条件。然而，先前的研究发现，它只确定了两种连续条件（即正强化与负强化），有些项目在两种连续条件上存在交叉负载，而有些项目则完全没有负载。共有 1060 名本科生完成了包含 22 个项目的 GFA 修订版。对一半参与者的随机选择进行的探索性因素分析得出了一个两因素解决方案（正强化和负强化），其中 16 个项目强烈地加载在这两个因素上。对另一半参与者的数据进行的结构方程模型验证性因素分析证实了两因素模型。GFA-Revised 由 16 个项目组成，每个项目都有 8 个项目来衡量正强化和负强化的连续条件。虽然这个修订后的测量方法可以清楚地解析出这两个连续条件，但数据表明，由正强化维持的赌博比由负强化维持的赌博更为常见。这一结果将使直接比较这两个连续条件变得困难，尤其是因为有证据表明，由负强化维持的赌博比由正强化维持的赌博与病态更为相关。
