Department of Mental Health and Well-being, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Clin Psychol Psychother. 2011 Sep-Oct;18(5):397-410. doi: 10.1002/cpp.780. Epub 2011 Sep 2.
This paper aims to study dysfunctional self-schematic processes, abnormal coping styles, over-responsiveness to reward stimuli (indicative of an over-sensitive behavioural activation system) and stability of self-esteem in relation to subclinical hypomania.
Three cross-sectional studies were conducted on selected students on the basis of their scores on the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS) (study 1) and on elevated HPS and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale scores (studies 2 and 3).
In studies 1 and 2, participants completed questionnaires and kept a self-esteem diary for 6 days. In study 3, the experience sampling method was used to assess momentary self-esteem, emotion and use of different coping styles over a 6-day period.
Study 1 demonstrated that hypomanic traits are associated with high fluctuations in self-esteem. In study 2, high scores on both the HPS and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, but not the HPS alone, were associated with bipolar spectrum symptoms. These participants showed more evidence of alcohol and substance abuse, greater self-esteem fluctuation and dysfunctional coping styles (rumination and risk-taking) compared with controls. Changes in self-esteem were related to the use of these strategies.
Vulnerability to bipolar disorder is associated with a combination of depression-related and reward-related processes.
本文旨在研究功能失调的自我图式过程、异常的应对方式、对奖励刺激的过度反应（表明行为激活系统过度敏感）以及自尊的稳定性与亚临床轻躁狂的关系。
根据 Hypomanic Personality Scale（HPS）的得分，在选定的学生中进行了三项横断面研究（研究 1），以及根据 HPS 和 Dysfunctional Attitude Scale 的升高分数进行了另外两项研究（研究 2 和 3）。
在研究 1 和 2 中，参与者完成了问卷调查，并在 6 天内记录了自尊日记。在研究 3 中，使用体验采样法评估了 6 天内的瞬间自尊、情绪和不同应对方式的使用情况。
研究 1 表明，轻躁狂特征与自尊的高度波动有关。在研究 2 中，HPS 和 Dysfunctional Attitude Scale 的高分，而不仅仅是 HPS 高分，与双相谱系症状有关。这些参与者表现出更多的酒精和药物滥用、更大的自尊波动和功能失调的应对方式（沉思和冒险），与对照组相比。自尊的变化与这些策略的使用有关。
易患双相情感障碍与抑郁相关和奖励相关过程的结合有关。
