School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK; Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
Psychiatry Res. 2015 Feb 28;225(3):563-70. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.046. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
The response styles theory of depression (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991) proposes three main strategies individuals employ in response to low mood: rumination, active coping (distraction and problem-solving) and risk taking. Although recent research has suggested this theory has utility in understanding the symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD), the role of these processes in conferring vulnerability to the condition is poorly understood. Twenty-three adolescent children of patients with BD and 25 offspring of well parents completed the Experience Sampling Method (ESM; Csikszentmihalyi and Larson, 1987) diary for six days. Longitudinal analyses were carried out to examine inter-relationships between mood, self-esteem and response styles. Increased negative as well as positive mood resulted in greater rumination in both groups. Low self-esteem triggered greater risk-taking at the subsequent time point in the at-risk group, while negative affect instigated increased active coping in the control group. In both groups, engagement in risk-taking improved mood at the subsequent time point, whilst rumination dampened self-esteem. Differential longitudinal associations between mood, self-esteem and response styles between at-risk and control children suggest early psychological vulnerability in the offspring of BD parents, with important indications for early intervention.
抑郁的反应风格理论（Nolen-Hoeksema，1991）提出了个体在应对情绪低落时使用的三种主要策略：沉思、积极应对（分心和解决问题）和冒险。尽管最近的研究表明，该理论在理解双相情感障碍（BD）的症状方面具有一定的作用，但这些过程在赋予该疾病易感性方面的作用还知之甚少。23 名 BD 患者的青少年子女和 25 名正常父母的子女完成了经验抽样法（ESM；Csikszentmihalyi 和 Larson，1987）日记，共六天。进行了纵向分析，以研究情绪、自尊和反应风格之间的相互关系。两组参与者的情绪无论是积极还是消极，都会增加沉思的次数。在风险组中，低自尊会在下一个时间点触发更大的冒险行为，而在对照组中，消极情绪会促使更多的积极应对。在两组中，冒险行为都能在下一个时间点改善情绪，而沉思则会降低自尊。在风险组和对照组儿童中，情绪、自尊和反应风格之间的纵向关联存在差异，这表明 BD 患者子女存在早期心理脆弱性，这为早期干预提供了重要依据。
