Oh Chaekun, Kim Yongjin
Department of Korean Medical Classics, Daejon University, Korea.
Uisahak. 2011 Jun 30;20(1):29-51.
Sakae Miki said Classified Emergency Materia Medica had been the dominant standard of herbology throughout Joseon Dynasty, and that Compendium of Materia Medica had only been accepted so lately that a few books used herbological result of it in the late Joseon Dynasty. But according to Visiting Old Beijing Diary written by Munjoong Seo in 1690, Compendium of Materia Medica was in fact introduced before the year 1712, the year Miki Sakae argued to be the year Compendium of Materia Medica was accepted to Joseon officially. Now, we can assume that the introducing year of Compendium of Materia Medica was faster than Miki Sakae's opinion by the following reasons; the effort of Joseon government and intellectuals to buy new books of Ming & Ching; the publishing year of the book for living in countryside regarded as the first citing literature of Compendium of Materia Medica. And the True Records of the Joseon Dynasty and many collections written by intellectuals in the 18th century show that the herbological knowledge from Compendium of Materia Medica had already spread to the corners of Joseon Dynasty. Thus we can make the following assumption: Classified Emergency Materia Medica and Compendium of Materia Medica had coexisted in the late Joseon Dynasty. Sakae Miki suggested 6 examples which used Compendium of Materia Medica in the late Joseon Dynasty. I reviewed two of them in this paper, Essentials of Materia Medica & Handbook of Prescriptions from Materia Medica. Essentials of Materia Medica quoted Compendium of Materia Medica briefly focusing clinical use, and Handbook of Prescriptions from Materia Medica also re-compiled Compendium of Materia Medica to practical use according to the form of Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine. It means that the results of Compendium of Materia Medica have been used positively, based on the herbology of materia medica from countryside. From this point of view, the hyphothesis there weren't any herbological progress after accepting Compendium of Materia Medica in the late Joseon Dynasty by Sakae Miki can be denied.
三木荣指出，《分类急症本草》在朝鲜王朝一直是本草学的主导标准，而《本草纲目》直到很晚才被接受，以至于在朝鲜王朝后期只有少数书籍采用了其中的本草学成果。但根据徐文重1690年所写的《燕行录》，实际上《本草纲目》在1712年之前就已传入朝鲜，而三木荣认为这一年是《本草纲目》被朝鲜官方正式接受的年份。现在，我们可以基于以下原因推测《本草纲目》的传入年份比三木荣的观点要早；朝鲜政府和知识分子购买明清新书的努力；被视为《本草纲目》首次引用文献的乡村生活用书的出版年份。而且《朝鲜王朝实录》以及18世纪知识分子所写的众多文集表明，《本草纲目》中的本草学知识已经传播到了朝鲜王朝的各个角落。因此我们可以做出如下推测：《分类急症本草》和《本草纲目》在朝鲜王朝后期是并存的。三木荣列举了6个朝鲜王朝后期使用《本草纲目》的例子。本文对其中两个进行了考察，即《本草备要》和《本草纲目拾遗》。《本草备要》简要引用《本草纲目》并侧重于临床应用，《本草纲目拾遗》也根据《东医宝鉴》的形式将《本草纲目》重新编纂以便实际应用。这意味着基于乡村本草学，《本草纲目》的成果得到了积极应用。从这一角度来看，三木荣关于朝鲜王朝后期接受《本草纲目》后就没有本草学进步的假设可以被否定。
