Department of Cybernetics and Artificial Intelligence, Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2011 Sep;130(3):1530-41. doi: 10.1121/1.3613705.
The effects of stimulus frequency and bandwidth on distance perception were examined for nearby sources in simulated reverberant space. Sources to the side [containing reverberation-related cues and interaural level difference (ILD) cues] and to the front (without ILDs) were simulated. Listeners judged the distance of noise bursts presented at a randomly roving level from simulated distances ranging from 0.15 to 1.7 m. Six stimuli were tested, varying in center frequency (300-5700 Hz) and bandwidth (200-5400 Hz). Performance, measured as the correlation between simulated and response distances, was worse for frontal than for lateral sources. For both simulated directions, performance was inversely proportional to the low-frequency stimulus cutoff, independent of stimulus bandwidth. The dependence of performance on frequency was stronger for frontal sources. These correlation results were well summarized by considering how mean response, as opposed to response variance, changed with stimulus direction and spectrum: (1) little bias was observed for lateral sources, but listeners consistently overestimated distance for frontal nearby sources; (2) for both directions, increasing the low-frequency cut-off reduced the range of responses. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that listeners used a direction-independent but frequency-dependent mapping of a reverberation-related cue, not the ILD cue, to judge source distance.
本研究旨在考察在模拟混响环境中，近距声源刺激频率和带宽对距离感知的影响。声源位于侧面（包含与混响相关的线索和强度差线索）和正面（无强度差线索）。实验中，被试判断随机移动的噪声脉冲的距离，模拟距离范围为 0.15 米至 1.7 米。共测试了 6 种刺激，中心频率（300-5700Hz）和带宽（200-5400Hz）各有不同。以模拟距离和反应距离之间的相关性作为衡量标准，结果显示正面声源的表现比侧面声源差。对于这两种模拟方向，性能与低频刺激截止频率呈反比，而与刺激带宽无关。对于正面声源，性能对频率的依赖性更强。这些相关结果可以通过考虑平均反应（而不是反应方差）随刺激方向和频谱的变化来很好地总结：（1）对于侧面声源，几乎没有观察到偏差，但对于正面近距声源，被试总是高估距离；（2）对于两个方向，增加低频截止频率都会减少反应范围。这些结果与以下假设一致，即被试使用与方向无关但与频率相关的混响相关线索映射，而不是强度差线索，来判断声源距离。
