Molecular Signalling Laboratory, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2012 Aug;39(8):674-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05599.x.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has long been recognized as an important enzyme for energy metabolism and the production of ATP and pyruvate through anaerobic glycolysis in the cytoplasm. Recent studies have shown that GAPDH has multiple functions independent of its role in energy metabolism. Although increased GAPDH gene expression and enzymatic function is associated with cell proliferation and tumourigenesis, conditions such as oxidative stress impair GAPDH catalytic activity and lead to cellular aging and apoptosis. The mechanism(s) underlying the effects of GAPDH on cellular proliferation remains unclear, yet much evidence has been accrued that demonstrates a variety of interacting partners for GAPDH, including proteins, various RNA species and telomeric DNA. The present mini review summarizes recent findings relating to the extraglycolytic functions of GAPDH and highlights the significant role this enzyme plays in regulating both cell survival and apoptotic death.
甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（GAPDH）长期以来一直被认为是一种重要的酶，通过细胞质中的无氧糖酵解产生能量代谢和 ATP 和丙酮酸。最近的研究表明，GAPDH 具有多种独立于其能量代谢作用的功能。虽然 GAPDH 基因表达和酶活性的增加与细胞增殖和肿瘤发生有关，但氧化应激等条件会损害 GAPDH 的催化活性，导致细胞衰老和凋亡。GAPDH 对细胞增殖影响的机制尚不清楚，但有大量证据表明 GAPDH 有多种相互作用的伴侣，包括蛋白质、各种 RNA 种类和端粒 DNA。本综述总结了与 GAPDH 糖酵解外功能相关的最新发现，并强调了该酶在调节细胞存活和凋亡死亡方面的重要作用。
