Nethercott J R, Holness D L
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990 May;22(5 Pt 1):756-61. doi: 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70104-p.
Patch tests were administered to 1074 subjects with suspected contact dermatitis by the method recommended by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group. Of 629 subjects tested with 5% nickel sulfate in petrolatum, 10.5% had positive reactions (males, 5.1%; females, 16.7%). Of 447 subjects tested with 2.5% nickel sulfate in petrolatum, 11.9% reacted (males, 7.7%; females, 16.9%). In 447 subjects in whom the relationship between clinical findings and the patch test response was evaluated (i.e., relevance), more than 90% of the responses could be related to a past or present problem with contact dermatitis. The sites of involvement were not different between nickel-sensitive subjects and the overall population tested, except in the case of foot involvement, which was underrepresented in the nickel-sensitive group. Patients who had positive responses to nickel reacted more frequently to marginal irritants such as formaldehyde and benzoyl peroxide. This finding may suggest a reduction in the irritancy threshold in nickel-sensitive subjects. In most instances, domestic rather than occupational exposure was thought to account for the induction of nickel allergy.
采用国际接触性皮炎研究组推荐的方法，对1074例疑似接触性皮炎患者进行了斑贴试验。在629例用凡士林基质的5%硫酸镍进行测试的患者中，10.5%出现阳性反应（男性为5.1%；女性为16.7%）。在447例用凡士林基质的2.5%硫酸镍进行测试的患者中，11.9%有反应（男性为7.7%；女性为16.9%）。在447例评估了临床发现与斑贴试验反应之间关系（即相关性）的患者中，超过90%的反应可能与过去或现在的接触性皮炎问题有关。除足部受累在镍敏感组中比例较低外，镍敏感患者和总体受试人群的受累部位并无差异。对镍有阳性反应的患者对甲醛和过氧化苯甲酰等边缘性刺激物的反应更频繁。这一发现可能表明镍敏感患者的刺激阈值降低。在大多数情况下，认为是家庭接触而非职业接触导致了镍过敏。
