Bandon D, Chabane-Lemboub A, Le Gall M
MCU-PH odontologie pédiatrique, faculté d'odontologie, Marseille, France.
Arch Pediatr. 2011 Dec;18(12):1348-52. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.07.014. Epub 2011 Sep 6.
Black-stains are a coloring frequently met in pediatric dentistry. They can be medically diagnosed as 1-mm borders or unfinished lines formed by a dark exogenous substance which follows the gingival festoon of bet coronary (in cervical third of the crown) temporary teeth and permanent, or they can appear in like points or dark spots. They are caused by bacteria anaerobic chromogenous. The dominant responsible species are actinomyces. Blacks-stains are ferrous depots, formed following a chemical interaction on the surface of the tooth between sulphide of hydrogen (under the effect of the anaerobic bacteria which are producing hydrogen) and the iron contained in the saliva (by a healthy diet) or that released by red blood corpuscles (in case of bloody gums). Black-stains are a shape of characteristic dental plaque by its flora with trend to calcify. It contains an insoluble iron salt with a content raised in calcium and in inorganic phosphor. The coloring Black-stain is a mild pathology and has no incidence on the vitality of the tooth. Certainly these spots are unsightly. The dental surgeon in current practice can deprive them. The pediatrician plays a leading role in the diagnosis and advice to parents and patients affected by these stains.
黑色污渍是儿童牙科中常见的一种着色情况。从医学角度来看，它们可表现为1毫米宽的边界或由深色外源性物质形成的未完成线条，这些物质沿着乳牙和恒牙冠部（牙冠颈部三分之一处）的牙龈缘分布，也可能呈现为点状或黑斑状。它们是由产色素厌氧菌引起的。主要致病菌种是放线菌。黑色污渍是铁的沉积，是在牙齿表面，硫化氢（在产生氢气的厌氧菌作用下）与唾液中所含的铁（通过健康饮食摄入）或红细胞释放的铁（牙龈出血时）发生化学相互作用后形成的。黑色污渍因其具有钙化倾向的菌群而呈现出特征性牙菌斑的形态。它含有一种不溶性铁盐，钙和无机磷含量较高。黑色污渍这种着色情况是一种轻度病变，对牙齿活力没有影响。当然，这些斑点不好看。目前临床中的牙科医生可以去除它们。儿科医生在对受这些污渍影响的家长和患者进行诊断及提供建议方面起着主导作用。
