Aschner M, Aschner J L
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albany Medical College, NY 12208.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1990 Summer;14(2):169-76. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80217-9.
Mercury exists in a wide variety of physical and chemical states, each of which has unique characteristics of target organ toxicity. The classic symptoms associated with exposure to elemental mercury vapor (Hg0) and methylmercury (CH3Hg+; MeHg) involve the central nervous system (CNS), while the kidney is the target organ for the mono- and divalent salts of mercury (Hg+ and Hg++, respectively). Physical properties and redox potentials determine the qualitative and quantitative differences in toxicity among inorganic mercury compounds, while the ability of MeHg to cross the blood-brain barrier accounts for its accumulation in the CNS and a clinical picture that is dominated by neurological disturbances. This review gives an up-to-date account of mercury's physical and chemical properties and its interaction with biologically active sites pertinent to transport across the blood-brain barrier, a major regulator of the CNS millieu.
汞以多种物理和化学状态存在，每种状态都有独特的靶器官毒性特征。与接触元素汞蒸气（Hg0）和甲基汞（CH3Hg+；MeHg）相关的典型症状累及中枢神经系统（CNS），而肾脏是汞的一价和二价盐（分别为Hg+和Hg++）的靶器官。物理性质和氧化还原电位决定了无机汞化合物在毒性上的质和量的差异，而MeHg穿过血脑屏障的能力则解释了其在中枢神经系统中的蓄积以及以神经功能障碍为主的临床表现。本综述提供了汞的物理和化学性质及其与血脑屏障（中枢神经系统微环境的主要调节者）转运相关的生物活性位点相互作用的最新情况。
