Steinbrucker S
Stabsstelle Qualitäts- und Risikomanagement, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
Radiologe. 2011 Oct;51(10):835-43. doi: 10.1007/s00117-011-2160-8.
According to §§135-137 SGB V (German Civil Code), German hospitals are required to introduce and develop an institutional quality management (QM) system. They are, however, currently not obliged to undergo a certification. The prime responsibility to introduce a QM system lies with the top management. The aim is to continuously monitor and improve the quality of the processes and practices in the hospital. QM systems are one of the major constituents which influence the prosperity of an enterprise. Hospitals are able to improve the quality of their processes without significantly increasing the costs. The Excellence Barometer® Health Care (ExBa) of the Fraunhofer Institute has shown that deficits are usually not identified in the professional competence of the medical personnel but rather in respect to leadership abilities, communication and motivation. The introduction of QM in a hospital requires an in-depth familiarity with the various QM systems to select an appropriate model for the own institution. The systems most commonly in use in German hospitals are DIN EN ISO ff, EFQM and KTQ®. The article illustrates and compares the layout, requirements and assessment criteria of the various systems.
根据德国社会法典第五卷第135 - 137条（德国民法典），德国医院必须引入并发展一套机构质量管理（QM）体系。然而，目前它们并无义务接受认证。引入质量管理体系的主要责任在于高层管理人员。其目的是持续监控并提升医院流程和业务的质量。质量管理体系是影响企业繁荣的主要因素之一。医院能够在不大幅增加成本的情况下提高其流程质量。弗劳恩霍夫研究所的卓越医疗晴雨表（ExBa）表明，通常在医务人员的专业能力方面不存在缺陷，而是在领导能力、沟通和积极性方面存在不足。在医院引入质量管理需要深入了解各种质量管理体系，以便为自身机构选择合适的模式。德国医院最常用的体系是DIN EN ISO ff、EFQM和KTQ®。本文阐述并比较了各种体系的布局、要求和评估标准。
