Rönnlund Michael, Vestergren Peter, Mäntylä Timo, Nilsson Lars-Göran
Umeå University, Department of Psychology, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
J Genet Psychol. 2011 Jul-Sep;172(3):266-84. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2010.538450.
In this article, the authors examined predictors of self-reported everyday memory failures using the Prospective and Retrospective Questionnaire (PRMQ; Smith, Della Sala, Logie, & Maylor, 2000) in a population-based sample of older adults (age range = 60-90 years; N = 250). The results showed that a higher frequency of reported failures was associated with lower scores on the personality dimension of self-directedness as assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI; Cloninger, Dragan, Svrakic, & Przybeck, 1993) and more depressive symptoms on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977). However, PRMQ scores showed no relationships with objective memory ability, as reflected by a series of retrospective memory measures and a measure of prospective memory. Neither were the PRMQ scales associated with general cognitive functioning as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1977). Taken together, the results indicate that within the older population, self-reported memory as assessed by the PRMQ may reflect mood-state and personality factors rather than individual differences in memory and cognitive ability.
在本文中，作者使用前瞻性和回顾性问卷（PRMQ；史密斯、德拉·萨拉、洛吉和梅勒，2000年），对一个以社区为基础的老年人样本（年龄范围 = 60 - 90岁；N = 250）中自我报告的日常记忆失误的预测因素进行了研究。结果显示，报告失误的频率较高与气质与性格问卷（TCI；克隆宁格、德拉甘、斯夫拉基克和普热贝克，1993年）所评估的自我导向性人格维度得分较低以及流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES - D；拉德洛夫，1977年）上更多的抑郁症状相关。然而，PRMQ得分与客观记忆能力没有关系，这一点通过一系列回顾性记忆测量和一项前瞻性记忆测量得到反映。PRMQ量表也与简易精神状态检查表（MMSE；福尔斯坦、福尔斯坦和麦克休，1977年）所评估的一般认知功能无关。综合来看，结果表明，在老年人群体中，PRMQ所评估的自我报告记忆可能反映的是情绪状态和人格因素，而非记忆和认知能力的个体差异。
