Sullivan Kelli L, Woods Steven Paul, Bucks Romola S, Loft Shayne, Weinborn Michael
a Department of Psychology , University of Houston , Houston , TX , USA.
b School of Psychological Science , University of Western Australia , Crawley , WA , Australia.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2018 Sep;40(7):733-743. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2018.1432571. Epub 2018 Feb 20.
Older adults demonstrate poorer prospective memory (PM) performance than younger adults, particularly for time-based cues and other strategically demanding PM tasks. Intraindividual variability (IIV) in neurocognitive test performance is an index of cognitive control that may be related to the execution of strategically demanding PM tasks.
Participants included 194 older Australian adults (age 50 to 88 years) who completed the Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST), the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ), and clinical measures of executive functions. A measure of naturalistic time-based PM was also administered, in which participants were asked to call the examiner 24 hours after their appointment to report how many hours they slept. IIV was calculated as the mean-adjusted coefficient of variation (CoV) across subtests of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS).
IIV was significantly associated with time-based PM in the laboratory, independent of demographics. Additionally, IIV significantly predicted performance on a naturalistic time-based PM trial, independent of demographics and chronic medical conditions. IIV was not related to event-based laboratory PM or self-reported PM symptoms in daily life. Clinical measures of executive functions were similarly associated with time-based PM and the naturalistic PM task, but not with event-based PM or subjective PM symptoms.
These results indicate that cognitive control, as indexed by IIV in neurocognitive performance, may play a role in naturalistic PM, as well as in highly strategic, but not automatic, laboratory-based PM among older adults.
老年人的前瞻性记忆（PM）表现比年轻人差，尤其是在基于时间的线索以及其他需要策略性要求的PM任务方面。神经认知测试表现中的个体内变异性（IIV）是认知控制的一个指标，可能与需要策略性要求的PM任务的执行有关。
参与者包括194名澳大利亚老年人（年龄在50至88岁之间），他们完成了意向记忆筛查测试（MIST）、前瞻性和回顾性记忆问卷（PRMQ）以及执行功能的临床测量。还进行了一项基于自然时间的PM测量，要求参与者在预约后24小时致电检查者，报告他们睡了多少小时。IIV计算为神经心理状态重复成套测验（RBANS）各子测验的平均调整变异系数（CoV）。
在实验室中，IIV与基于时间的PM显著相关，与人口统计学无关。此外，IIV显著预测了基于自然时间的PM试验的表现，与人口统计学和慢性疾病无关。IIV与基于事件的实验室PM或日常生活中自我报告的PM症状无关。执行功能的临床测量同样与基于时间的PM和自然PM任务相关，但与基于事件的PM或主观PM症状无关。
这些结果表明，以神经认知表现中的IIV为指标的认知控制，可能在老年人的自然PM以及高度策略性但非自动的基于实验室的PM中发挥作用。
