Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7908, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 15;45(20):9044-51. doi: 10.1021/es201165d. Epub 2011 Sep 26.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) could reduce transportation air emissions and energy use. However, a method is needed for estimating on-road emissions of PHEVs. To develop a framework for quantifying microscale energy use and emissions (EU&E), measurements were conducted on a Toyota Prius retrofitted with a plug-in battery system on eight routes. Measurements were made using the following: (1) a data logger for the hybrid control system; (2) a portable emissions measurement system; and (3) a global positioning system with barometric altimeter. Trends in EU&E are estimated based on vehicle specific power. Energy economy is quantified based on gasoline consumed by the engine and grid energy consumed by the plug-in battery. Emissions from electricity consumption are estimated based on the power generation mix. Fuel use is approximately 30% lower during plug-in battery use. Grid emissions were higher for CO₂, NO(x), SO₂, and PM compared to tailpipe emissions but lower for CO and hydrocarbons. EU&E depends on engine and plug-in battery operation. The use of two energy sources must be addressed in characterizing fuel economy; overall energy economy is 11% lower if including grid energy use than accounting only for fuel consumption.
插件混合动力电动汽车 (PHEV) 可以减少交通空气排放和能源使用。然而，需要有一种方法来估计 PHEV 的道路排放。为了开发量化微观尺度能源使用和排放 (EU&E) 的框架，在装有插件电池系统的丰田普锐斯上进行了八项路线的测量。使用以下方法进行测量：（1）混合动力控制系统的数据记录器；（2）便携式排放测量系统；（3）带有气压高度计的全球定位系统。根据车辆比功率估计 EU&E 的趋势。根据发动机消耗的汽油和插件电池消耗的电网能源来量化能源经济性。根据发电组合估计电力消耗的排放。在使用插件电池时，燃料使用量降低了约 30%。与排气管排放相比，电网排放的 CO₂、NO(x)、SO₂ 和 PM 较高，但 CO 和碳氢化合物较低。EU&E 取决于发动机和插件电池的运行。在表征燃料经济性时必须考虑两种能源的使用；如果包括电网能源使用，总能源经济性比仅考虑燃料消耗低 11%。
