Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7908, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 May 1;44(9):3601-7. doi: 10.1021/es903330k.
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a methodology for characterizing at high resolution the energy use and emissions of a plug-in parallel-hybrid diesel-electric school bus (PHSB) to support assessments of sensitivity to driving cycles and comparisons to a conventional diesel school bus (CDSB). Data were collected using onboard instruments for a first-of-a-kind prototype PHSB and a CDSB of the same chassis and engine, operated on actual school bus routes. The engine load was estimated on the basis of vehicle specific power (VSP) and an empirically derived relationship between VSP and engine manifold absolute pressure (MAP). VSP depends on speed, acceleration, and road grade. For the PHSB, the observed electrical discharge or recharge to the traction motor battery was characterized on the basis of VSP. The energy use and emission rates of the PHSB from tailpipe and electricity use were estimated for five real-world driving cycles and compared to the engine fuel use and emissions of the CDSB. The PHSB had the greatest advantage on arterial routes and less advantage on highway or local routes. The coupled VSP-MAP modeling approach enables assessment of a wide variety of driving conditions and comparisons of vehicles with different propulsion technologies.
本研究旨在展示一种方法，用于高分辨率地描述插电式并联混合动力柴油电动校车（PHSB）的能量使用和排放特性，以支持对驾驶循环的敏感性评估和与传统柴油校车（CDSB）的比较。使用车载仪器对同底盘和发动机的首款原型 PHSB 和 CDSB 进行了数据收集，这些数据是在实际的校车路线上运行时收集的。根据车辆比功率（VSP）和 VSP 与发动机歧管绝对压力（MAP）之间的经验关系，估算发动机负荷。VSP 取决于速度、加速度和道路坡度。对于 PHSB，根据 VSP 对牵引电机电池的观察到的放电或充电进行了表征。根据五个实际驾驶循环，估算了 PHSB 从排气管和电力使用中的能量使用和排放率，并与 CDSB 的发动机燃料使用和排放进行了比较。PHSB 在动脉路线上具有最大的优势，而在高速公路或本地路线上的优势则较小。耦合的 VSP-MAP 建模方法可用于评估各种驾驶条件，并比较具有不同推进技术的车辆。
