Institute for Nuclear Physics, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany.
Phys Rev Lett. 2011 Aug 5;107(6):061301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.061301. Epub 2011 Aug 1.
We show that quantum effects dramatically enhance the production of fermions following preheating after inflation in the early Universe in the presence of high excitations of bosonic quanta. As a consequence, fermions rapidly approach a quasistationary distribution with a thermal occupancy in the infrared, while the inflaton enters a turbulent scaling regime. The failure of standard semiclassical descriptions based on the Dirac equation with a homogeneous background field is caused by nonperturbatively high boson occupation numbers. During preheating the inflaton occupation number increases, thus leading to a dynamical mechanism for the enhanced production of fermions from the rescattering of the inflaton quanta. We comment on related phenomena in heavy-ion collisions for the production of quark matter fields from highly occupied gauge bosons.
我们表明，在早期宇宙的暴涨结束后的预加热过程中，如果玻色子量子存在高激发态，量子效应会极大地增强费米子的产生。因此，费米子会迅速趋近于具有红外热占据的准稳态分布，而原初场进入湍流标度区。基于狄拉克方程和均匀背景场的标准半经典描述的失效是由非微扰的高玻色子占据数引起的。在预加热过程中，原初场的占据数增加，从而导致通过原初场量子的再散射来增强费米子产生的动力学机制。我们还对重离子碰撞中产生夸克物质场的高度占据规范玻色子的相关现象进行了评论。
