Human Performance Laboratory, Truman State University, Kirksville, Missouri, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Oct;25(10):2796-807. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822dcea0.
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of resistance training on upper-body muscular strength and the expression of work capacity and muscular endurance. In addition, a training-induced change in the relationship between muscular strength and endurance was assessed by testing changes in the accuracy of using endurance repetitions to predict 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press before and after training. College-aged men (n = 85) and women (n = 62) completed a 12-week linear periodization resistance training program. Before and after training, the subjects were assessed for 1RM and repetitions to fatigue (RTFs) with a submaximal load. After pretraining 1RM determination, the subjects were randomly assigned to perform RTFs at 65% 1RM (n = 74) or 90% 1RM (n = 73). Pretraining and posttraining RTFs were conducted at the same respective % 1RM. Work capacity was determined from repetition weight × RTF. After training, there was a significant increase in 1RM in both men (∼14%) and women (∼23%). Posttraining RTF was not different from pretraining RTF at 65 %1RM (18.2 ± 5.1 and 19.0 ± 6.0, respectively) but was significantly reduced in the 90% 1RM group (6.1 ± 3.6 vs. 4.5 ± 2.7, respectively). Likewise, there was a differential effect of training on the expression of work capacity, which increased in the 65 % 1RM group (123 ± 155 kg-reps) but decreased in the 90% 1RM group (-62 ± 208 kg-reps); the effect was independent of gender within each testing group. In conclusion, the changes in muscular strength associated with resistance training produced an increase in work capacity when tested with a 65 % 1RM load without a change in endurance. In contrast, both work capacity and endurance decreased when tested with 90% 1RM. Thus, the impact of strength training on work capacity and muscle endurance is specific to the load at which endurance testing is performed.
本研究旨在评估抗阻训练对上半身肌肉力量以及工作能力和肌肉耐力表达的影响。此外，通过测试训练前后使用耐力重复次数准确预测 1 次重复最大重量（1RM）卧推的变化，评估肌肉力量和耐力之间的训练诱导变化关系。大学生男性（n=85）和女性（n=62）完成了 12 周的线性周期化抗阻训练计划。在训练前后，受试者使用亚最大负荷评估 1RM 和疲劳重复次数（RTFs）。在预先训练的 1RM 确定后，受试者被随机分配到 65% 1RM（n=74）或 90% 1RM（n=73）进行 RTFs。预先训练和训练后 RTFs 在各自相同的 % 1RM 下进行。工作能力由重复重量×RTF 确定。训练后，男性（约 14%）和女性（约 23%）的 1RM 均显著增加。在 65% 1RM 时，训练后 RTF 与预先训练的 RTF 没有差异（分别为 18.2±5.1 和 19.0±6.0），但在 90% 1RM 组显著降低（分别为 6.1±3.6 和 4.5±2.7）。同样，训练对工作能力的表达也有不同的影响，在 65% 1RM 组增加（123±155kg-reps），但在 90% 1RM 组减少（-62±208kg-reps）；在每个测试组内，这种影响独立于性别。总之，抗阻训练引起的肌肉力量变化在使用 65% 1RM 负荷进行测试时会增加工作能力，而不会影响耐力。相比之下，当使用 90% 1RM 进行测试时，工作能力和耐力都会下降。因此，力量训练对工作能力和肌肉耐力的影响取决于耐力测试时的负荷。
