Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo, Japan.
Front Microbiol. 2011 Aug 25;2:175. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00175. eCollection 2011.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; human herpesvirus 8) is a human herpesvirus, classified as a gamma-herpesvirus. KSHV is detected in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and some cases of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). Similar to other herpes viruses, there are two phases of infection, latent and lytic. In KSHV-associated malignancies such as KS and PEL, KSHV latently infects almost all tumor cells. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that each tumor cell contains one copy of KSHV in KS lesions. The oncogenesis by KSHV has remained unclear. Latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of KSHV-associated malignancies through inhibition of apoptosis and maintenance of latency. Because all KSHV-infected cells express LANA-1, LANA-1 immunohistochemistry is a useful tool for diagnosis of KSHV infection. KSHV encodes some homologs of cellular proteins including cell-cycle regulators, cytokines, and chemokines, such as cyclin D, G-protein-coupled protein, interleukin-6, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 and -2. These viral proteins mimic or disrupt host cytokine signals, resulting in microenvironments amenable to tumor growth. Lytic infection is frequently seen in MCD tissues, suggesting a different pathogenesis from KS and lymphoma.
卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（KSHV；人类疱疹病毒 8 型）是一种人类疱疹病毒，归类为γ疱疹病毒。KSHV 存在于卡波氏肉瘤（KS）、原发性渗出性淋巴瘤（PEL）和一些多发性骨髓瘤病例中。与其他疱疹病毒一样，感染有两个阶段，潜伏和裂解。在 KSHV 相关的恶性肿瘤如 KS 和 PEL 中，KSHV 潜伏感染几乎所有肿瘤细胞。定量 PCR 分析显示，KS 病变中的每个肿瘤细胞都含有一个 KSHV 拷贝。KSHV 的致癌机制仍不清楚。潜伏相关核抗原（LANA）-1 通过抑制细胞凋亡和维持潜伏状态，在 KSHV 相关恶性肿瘤的发病机制中发挥重要作用。由于所有感染 KSHV 的细胞都表达 LANA-1，因此 LANA-1 免疫组化是诊断 KSHV 感染的有用工具。KSHV 编码一些细胞蛋白的同源物，包括细胞周期调节剂、细胞因子和趋化因子，如细胞周期蛋白 D、G 蛋白偶联蛋白、白细胞介素 6 和巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1 和 -2。这些病毒蛋白模拟或破坏宿主细胞因子信号，导致有利于肿瘤生长的微环境。裂解感染在 MCD 组织中经常见到，表明与 KS 和淋巴瘤的发病机制不同。
