Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0366, USA.
Neurotherapeutics. 2011 Oct;8(4):694-703. doi: 10.1007/s13311-011-0074-9.
Spinal cord injury permanently disrupts neuroanatomical circuitry and can result in severe functional deficits. These functional deficits, however, are not immutable and spontaneous recovery occurs in some patients. It is highly likely that this recovery is dependent upon spared tissue and the endogenous plasticity of the central nervous system. Neurotrophic factors are mediators of neuronal plasticity throughout development and into adulthood, affecting proliferation of neuronal precursors, neuronal survival, axonal growth, dendritic arborization and synapse formation. Neurotrophic factors are therefore excellent candidates for enhancing axonal plasticity and regeneration after spinal cord injury. Understanding growth factor effects on axonal growth and utilizing them to alter the intrinsic limitations on regenerative growth will provide potent tools for the development of translational therapeutic interventions for spinal cord injury.
脊髓损伤会永久性地破坏神经解剖回路，并导致严重的功能缺陷。然而，这些功能缺陷并非不可改变，一些患者会出现自发性恢复。这种恢复极有可能依赖于未受损的组织和中枢神经系统的内源性可塑性。神经营养因子是整个发育过程和成年期神经元可塑性的介质，影响神经元前体的增殖、神经元存活、轴突生长、树突分支和突触形成。因此，神经营养因子是增强脊髓损伤后轴突可塑性和再生的理想候选物。了解生长因子对轴突生长的影响，并利用它们改变再生生长的内在限制，将为开发脊髓损伤的转化治疗干预措施提供有力工具。
