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胎儿和新生儿的骨骼发育:钙调节激素的作用。

Bone development in the fetus and neonate: role of the calciotropic hormones.

机构信息

Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Obstetrics & Gynecology, and BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Health Sciences Centre, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3V6, Canada.

出版信息

Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2011 Dec;9(4):274-83. doi: 10.1007/s11914-011-0073-0.

Abstract

During embryonic and fetal development much of the skeleton initiates as a cartilaginous scaffold, which is progressively resorbed and replaced by bone. Endochondral bone formation continues until the growth plates fuse during puberty. At all life stages adequate delivery of mineral is required for the skeleton to achieve and maintain appropriate mineral content and strength. During fetal development the placenta actively transports calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Postnatally passive and then active absorption from the intestines becomes the main supply of minerals to the skeleton. Animal and human data indicate that fetal bone development requires parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein but not vitamin D/calcitriol, calcitonin, or (possibly) sex steroids. During the postnatal period, when intestinal calcium absorption becomes an active process, skeletal development begins to depend upon vitamin D/calcitriol but this requirement can be bypassed by increasing the calcium content of the diet or by administering intermittent calcium infusions.

摘要

在胚胎和胎儿发育过程中,大部分骨骼最初是作为软骨支架形成的,随后软骨支架逐渐被吸收并被骨骼取代。骺板融合前,软骨内成骨持续进行。在生命的各个阶段,骨骼都需要足够的矿物质来达到并维持适当的矿物质含量和强度。在胎儿发育过程中,胎盘主动转运钙、磷和镁。出生后,肠道的被动和主动吸收成为矿物质供应骨骼的主要途径。动物和人类数据表明,胎儿骨骼发育需要甲状旁腺激素(PTH)和甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白,但不需要维生素 D/骨化三醇、降钙素,也可能不需要性激素。在出生后期间,当肠道钙吸收成为一个主动过程时,骨骼发育开始依赖于维生素 D/骨化三醇,但可以通过增加饮食中的钙含量或间歇性钙输注来绕过这一需求。

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