Richman Lynn C, McCoy Thomasin E, Conrad Amy L, Nopoulos Peg C
Division of Pediatric Psychology, University of Iowa, 100 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2012 Jul;49(4):387-96. doi: 10.1597/10-237. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
This article reviews behavioral, neuropsychological, and academic outcomes of individuals with cleft across three age levels: (1) infancy/early development, (2) school age, and (3) adolescence/young adulthood. The review points out that attachment, neurocognitive functioning, academic performance/learning, and adjustment outcomes are the result of a complex interaction between biological and environmental factors and vary with developmental level, sex, and craniofacial anomaly diagnosis. The degree to which associated genetic or neurodevelopmental conditions may explain inconsistent findings is unknown and suggests the need for caution in generalizing from group data on cleft.
本文综述了三个年龄阶段唇腭裂患者的行为、神经心理学和学业成果：（1）婴儿期/早期发育，（2）学龄期，以及（3）青春期/青年期。该综述指出，依恋、神经认知功能、学业成绩/学习和适应结果是生物因素和环境因素之间复杂相互作用的结果，并且会因发育水平、性别和颅面畸形诊断的不同而有所差异。相关的遗传或神经发育状况在多大程度上可以解释不一致的研究结果尚不清楚，这表明在从唇腭裂群体数据进行推断时需要谨慎。
