Monterosso John R, Luo Shan
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California.
J Neurosci Psychol Econ. 2010 May;3(1):1-14. doi: 10.1037/a0016827.
The dynamic inconsistency of preference is well documented in behavioral research, but its basis remains controversial. In this article, we summarize recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) work in the domain of intertemporal choice, specifically considering evidence bearing on the hypothesis that delay discounting in humans is determined by competition between an evolutionarily older system that discounts precipitously with delay (System 1), and a newer system that exhibits very little discounting (System 2). We argue that neuroimaging evidence does not support the hypothesized separate and competing value systems. While it is clear that the sophisticated cognitive capacities that lead to greater valuation of larger later alternatives (e.g., selective attention and self-signaling) depend critically on neocortical structures, these capacities affect intertemporal choice through mediation of (rather than competition with) older cortical and subcortical structures central to reward and motivation. Taken together, neuroimaging evidence supports the alternative hypothesis that intertemporal choice is guided by a single valuation system.
偏好的动态不一致性在行为研究中已有充分记载，但其根源仍存在争议。在本文中，我们总结了近期在跨期选择领域的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究工作，特别考虑了与以下假设相关的证据：人类的延迟折扣是由一个随着延迟而急剧折扣的进化上较古老的系统（系统1）和一个几乎不打折的较新系统（系统2）之间的竞争所决定的。我们认为，神经影像学证据并不支持假设中相互独立且相互竞争的价值系统。虽然很明显，导致对更大的远期选项有更高估值的复杂认知能力（例如选择性注意和自我信号）严重依赖于新皮质结构，但这些能力是通过对奖励和动机至关重要的较古老皮质和皮质下结构的调节（而非竞争）来影响跨期选择的。综合来看，神经影像学证据支持了另一种假设，即跨期选择是由单一估值系统引导的。
