Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement-IRCELYON, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 2 avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
Chem Soc Rev. 2012 Feb 21;41(4):1538-58. doi: 10.1039/c1cs15147a. Epub 2011 Sep 12.
This critical review provides a survey illustrated by recent references of different strategies to achieve a sustainable conversion of biomass to bioproducts. Because of the huge number of chemical products that can be potentially manufactured, a selection of starting materials and targeted chemicals has been done. Also, thermochemical conversion processes such as biomass pyrolysis or gasification as well as the synthesis of biofuels were not considered. The synthesis of chemicals by conversion of platform molecules obtained by depolymerisation and fermentation of biopolymers is presently the most widely envisioned approach. Successful catalytic conversion of these building blocks into intermediates, specialties and fine chemicals will be examined. However, the platform molecule value chain is in competition with well-optimised, cost-effective synthesis routes from fossil resources to produce chemicals that have already a market. The literature covering alternative value chains whereby biopolymers are converted in one or few steps to functional materials will be analysed. This approach which does not require the use of isolated, pure chemicals is well adapted to produce high tonnage products, such as paper additives, paints, resins, foams, surfactants, lubricants, and plasticisers. Another objective of the review was to examine critically the green character of conversion processes because using renewables as raw materials does not exempt from abiding by green chemistry principles (368 references).
这篇评论性文章综述了不同策略的最新参考文献，以实现生物质向生物制品的可持续转化。由于可以潜在制造的化学产品数量庞大，因此对起始材料和目标化学品进行了选择。此外，热化学转化过程（如生物质热解或气化以及生物燃料的合成）未被考虑。通过生物聚合物的解聚和发酵来合成平台分子，并将其转化为化学品，目前是最广泛设想的方法。本文将研究成功地将这些结构单元转化为中间体、特色化学品和精细化学品的催化转化。然而，平台分子价值链与从化石资源生产已经具有市场的化学品的经过优化、具有成本效益的合成路线竞争。将分析涵盖替代价值链的文献，其中生物聚合物可以通过一步或几步转化为功能材料。这种方法不需要使用分离的、纯化学品，非常适合生产高吨位产品，如造纸添加剂、油漆、树脂、泡沫、表面活性剂、润滑剂和增塑剂。本文的另一个目的是批判性地检查转化过程的绿色性质，因为使用可再生原料并不能免除遵守绿色化学原则（368 篇参考文献）。
