Cradock-Watson J E, Ridehalgh M K, Bourne M S
J Hyg (Lond). 1979 Apr;82(2):319-36. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400025730.
The indirect immunofluorescence technique has been used to titrate the specific immunoglobulins in 200 sera from 64 patients with varicella, and 195 sera from 67 patients with herpes zoster. IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in all patients with varicella, and IgA in 59 (92%). All three classes of antibody appeared 2--5 days after the onset of the rash, increased virtually simultaneously and reached maximum titres during the second and third weeks. IgG then declined slowly, but never became undetectable and was still present in five subjects who were retested after 2--4 years; it was present in 88 out of 100 healthy young adults and probably persists indefinitely after varicella. IgA and IgM antibodies declined more rapidly and were not detected in specimens taken more than a year after the illness. IgA, however, may possibly persist in some cases since low titres were found in 8 out of 88 young adults who possessed IgG antibody and had presumably had varicella in the past. IgA responses were significantly weaker in children under the age of 6 years than in older children and adults. Six out of 67 patients with zoster were tested at various times before the onset of the rash: IgG antibody was detected in all. IgG was present in all sera taken after the onset of the rash, increased rapidly after 2--5 days, reached maximum titres during the second and third weeks and then declined slowly. IgA antibody was detected in 66 patients (99%) and IgM in 52 (78%); both types of antibody followed transient courses, as in varicella. Maximum titres of IgG and complement-fixing antibodies were greater after zoster than after varicella, but the differences were not significant. IgA and IgM titres in young adults with zoster were significantly lower than in older patients, and also lower than in young adults with varicella. Increases in varicella-zoster antibody in patients with herpes simplex virus infections consisted mainly of IgG, sometimes IgA, but never IgM.
间接免疫荧光技术已用于滴定64例水痘患者的200份血清以及67例带状疱疹患者的195份血清中的特异性免疫球蛋白。所有水痘患者均检测到IgG和IgM抗体，59例（92%）检测到IgA抗体。所有这三类抗体均在皮疹出现后2至5天出现，几乎同时升高，并在第二和第三周达到最高滴度。随后IgG缓慢下降，但从未降至检测不到的水平，在2至4年后重新检测的5名受试者中仍可检测到；100名健康年轻成年人中有88人存在IgG，水痘感染后可能会无限期持续存在。IgA和IgM抗体下降更快，在发病一年多后采集的标本中未检测到。然而，IgA可能在某些情况下持续存在，因为在88名拥有IgG抗体且既往可能患过水痘的年轻成年人中有8人检测到低滴度IgA。6岁以下儿童的IgA反应明显弱于年龄较大的儿童和成年人。67例带状疱疹患者中有6例在皮疹出现前的不同时间进行了检测：均检测到IgG抗体。皮疹出现后采集的所有血清中均存在IgG，在2至5天后迅速升高，在第二和第三周达到最高滴度，然后缓慢下降。66例（99%）患者检测到IgA抗体，52例（78%）检测到IgM抗体；这两种抗体的变化过程均为短暂性，与水痘情况相同。带状疱疹患者的IgG和补体结合抗体的最高滴度高于水痘患者，但差异不显著。带状疱疹年轻成年人的IgA和IgM滴度明显低于老年患者，也低于患水痘的年轻成年人。单纯疱疹病毒感染患者水痘-带状疱疹抗体的增加主要为IgG，有时为IgA，但从未为IgM。
