Aoshi Taiki, Ishii Ken J
National Institute of Biomedical Innovation.
Nihon Rinsho. 2011 Sep;69(9):1547-53.
Inducing adaptive immune responses with vaccination requires prior innate immune responses. Adjuvants have been used empirically to enhance and modulate the adaptive immune responses elicited by the vaccination. Advances in the innate immune system revealed that many adjuvants act through the innate immune receptors including TLRs, NLRs, RLRs, and CLRs. Recently it has been shown that some particulate adjuvants directly activate dendritic cells in a receptor-independent manner. In this review, we discuss how adjuvants activate dendritic cells, directing adaptive immune responses to Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. We also discuss a differential requirement of adjvuant between priming and boosting administration of vaccine, and appropriate use of adjuvants to reduce the side effect of vaccine.
通过疫苗接种诱导适应性免疫反应需要先有先天性免疫反应。佐剂已被经验性地用于增强和调节疫苗接种引发的适应性免疫反应。先天性免疫系统的进展表明，许多佐剂通过包括Toll样受体（TLRs）、NOD样受体（NLRs）、视黄酸诱导基因I样受体（RLRs）和C型凝集素受体（CLRs）在内的先天性免疫受体发挥作用。最近有研究表明，一些颗粒性佐剂以不依赖受体的方式直接激活树突状细胞。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了佐剂如何激活树突状细胞，引导适应性免疫反应朝向Th1、Th2和Th17细胞。我们还讨论了疫苗初次接种和加强接种时对佐剂的不同需求，以及合理使用佐剂以减少疫苗的副作用。
