Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011 Sep 19;8:97. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-97.
Within the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) framework, the first major study aim was to investigate the SDT tenets in an obese adolescent population by examining the factor structure of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) and by investigating associations between physical activity (PA) and motivation in obese adolescents. The second aim was to study differences in motivation according to adolescents' educational level, since lower educated obese adolescent are a sub-risk group for lower PA levels among the obese adolescents. The third aim was to investigate whether attending a residential obesity treatment program could lead to an increase in autonomous motivation towards PA and to see if the treatment effect on motivation was different in low versus high educated youth.
For the first study aim, the sample comprised 177 obese adolescents at the start of a 10-month multidisciplinary residential obesity treatment program (BMI = 35.9 ± 6.0 kg/m², 15.1 ± 1.5 years, 62% girls). A subsample of 65 adolescents (stratified by educational level) were divided into low (n = 34) versus high educated (n = 31) as part of the second and third study aim. Motivation was assessed using the BREQ-2 and PA using the Flemish Physical Activity Questionnaire.
Exploratory factor analysis showed sufficient validations with the original factor for 17 out of 19 BREQ-2 items. Significant positive correlations were found between PA and the composite score of relative autonomy (r = 0.31, p < 0.001), introjected (r = 0.23, p < 0.01), identified (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) and intrinsic regulation (r = 0.38, p < 0.001). Higher educated adolescents scored higher on the composite score of relative autonomy, introjected, identified and intrinsic regulation at the start of treatment (F = 3.68, p < 0.001). The composite score of relative autonomy, external, identified and intrinsic regulation significantly increased during treatment for all adolescents (F = 6.65, p < 0.001). Introjected regulation significantly increased for lower educated adolescents (F = 25.57, p < 0.001).
The BREQ-2 can be used in an obese adolescent population. Higher levels of autonomous motivation towards PA were related to higher PA levels. Adolescents had increases in both autonomous and controlled forms of motivation during treatment. Special attention for lower educated adolescents during treatment is needed, as they have a lower autonomous motivation at the start of treatment and an increase in introjected regulation during treatment.
在自我决定理论（SDT）框架内，第一个主要研究目的是通过检查行为调节在运动问卷-2（BREQ-2）中的理论基础，并通过研究肥胖青少年的体力活动（PA）与动机之间的关系，来研究肥胖青少年中的 SDT 原理。第二个目的是根据青少年的教育水平研究动机的差异，因为在肥胖青少年中，教育程度较低的肥胖青少年是低 PA 水平的亚风险群体。第三个目的是研究参加住宿肥胖治疗计划是否会导致对 PA 的自主动机增加，以及治疗对动机的影响是否在低教育与高教育青年之间有所不同。
对于第一个研究目的，样本由 177 名肥胖青少年组成，他们在为期 10 个月的多学科住宿肥胖治疗计划开始时（BMI = 35.9 ± 6.0 kg/m²，15.1 ± 1.5 岁，62%为女孩）。作为第二个和第三个研究目的的一部分，从 65 名青少年（按教育水平分层）中抽取了 65 名青少年（分为低教育水平[ n = 34]和高教育水平[ n = 31]）。使用 BREQ-2 评估动机，使用佛兰芒体力活动问卷评估 PA。
探索性因素分析显示，19 个 BREQ-2 项目中的 17 个项目具有足够的有效性。PA 与相对自主性的综合得分呈显著正相关（r = 0.31，p < 0.001）、内摄（r = 0.23，p < 0.01）、认同（r = 0.31，p < 0.001）和内在调节（r = 0.38，p < 0.001）。在治疗开始时，高教育水平的青少年在相对自主性、内摄、认同和内在调节的综合得分上得分更高（F = 3.68，p < 0.001）。所有青少年在治疗期间相对自主性、外部、认同和内在调节的综合得分均显著增加（F = 6.65，p < 0.001）。内摄调节在低教育水平的青少年中显著增加（F = 25.57，p < 0.001）。
BREQ-2 可用于肥胖青少年人群。PA 自主性较高与 PA 水平较高有关。在治疗期间，青少年的自主性和控制性动机都有所增加。在治疗期间，需要特别关注教育程度较低的青少年，因为他们在治疗开始时的自主性动机较低，而在治疗期间内摄调节会增加。
