Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Dec;66(12):2767-72. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr390. Epub 2011 Sep 19.
To analyse the evolution and genetic relatedness of Acinetobacter baumannii clonal lineages in Greece during a 10 year period.
The study included 94 randomly selected A. baumannii clinical isolates recovered from 2000 to 2009 in eight tertiary Greek hospitals. Carbapenem MICs were determined by agar dilution. PCR was applied for carbapenemase genes. Isolates were typed by PFGE and tri-locus sequence typing (3LST), and 25 were also typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) developed by the Institut Pasteur, followed by e-Burst analysis.
All isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR); 54 (57.4%) were non-susceptible to imipenem and/or meropenem. The bla(OXA-58) gene was identified in 51 (94.4%) carbapenem-non-susceptible and 15 (37.5%) carbapenem-susceptible isolates; other carbapenemase genes were not detected. Eight different PFGE types were identified. Sequence typing revealed previously characterized 3LST groups (1, 2, 4 and 5) and MLST types (STs) (1, 2, 15, 45 and 54) and the novel STs 85 (in two distant hospitals) and 86. Eight novel 3LST alleles were identified. Fifty-two (55.3%) isolates were assigned to 3LST group 1 and ST2 or ST45, both corresponding to international clonal complex 2 (CC2). Thirty-one (33.0%) isolates were assigned to 3LST group 2 and ST1 (CC1). From 2000 to 2004 63% of isolates belonged to 3LST group 2, but from 2005 to 2009 87.5% of isolates belonged to 3LST group 1; this shift was accompanied by an increase in carbapenem resistance from 43.5% to 64.6% of isolates.
The emergence of MDR A. baumannii in Greece was associated with CC1 and CC2, which are disseminated worldwide, often harbouring the bla(OXA-58) gene. Novel 3LST alleles and STs were also detected, underlining an evolutionary divergence in Greece.
分析希腊在 10 年内鲍曼不动杆菌克隆谱系的进化和遗传相关性。
该研究纳入了 2000 年至 2009 年在希腊 8 家三级医院随机选择的 94 株临床分离的鲍曼不动杆菌。采用琼脂稀释法测定碳青霉烯类 MIC。PCR 用于检测碳青霉烯酶基因。采用 PFGE 和三联序列分型（3LST）对分离株进行分型，25 株还采用巴斯德研究所开发的多位点序列分型（MLST）进行分型，然后进行 e-Burst 分析。
所有分离株均为多重耐药（MDR）；54 株（57.4%）对亚胺培南和/或美罗培南不敏感。在 51 株（94.4%）耐碳青霉烯类非敏感和 15 株（37.5%）耐碳青霉烯类敏感的分离株中鉴定出 bla（OXA-58）基因；未检测到其他碳青霉烯酶基因。确定了 8 种不同的 PFGE 型。序列分型显示了先前特征化的 3LST 组（1、2、4 和 5）和 MLST 型（STs）（1、2、15、45 和 54）以及新型 STs 85（在两个遥远的医院）和 86。鉴定了 8 种新型 3LST 等位基因。52 株（55.3%）分离株被分配到 3LST 组 1 和 ST2 或 ST45，均对应国际克隆复合体 2（CC2）。31 株（33.0%）分离株被分配到 3LST 组 2 和 ST1（CC1）。2000 年至 2004 年，63%的分离株属于 3LST 组 2，但2005 年至 2009 年，87.5%的分离株属于 3LST 组 1；这种转变伴随着碳青霉烯类耐药性从 43.5%增加到 64.6%。
希腊出现的耐多药鲍曼不动杆菌与广泛传播的 CC1 和 CC2 有关，它们常携带 bla（OXA-58）基因。还检测到新型 3LST 等位基因和 STs，这突显了希腊的进化分歧。
