Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Nov 15;409(24):5162-76. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.08.053. Epub 2011 Sep 23.
Numerous ecological risk assessment methodologies have been developed over the last twenty years around the world for evaluating urban and industrial systems and installations, by both the organisations responsible for implementing regulations and the scientific community. Although these methodologies share the general principle underlying their use, they differ widely with respect to the approaches chosen and the resources employed to apply them. Also, they may even have different objectives: prior assessment as part of an impact study before building a new installation, or retrospective assessment, for example, in view to explaining the reasons for an impact recorded or for forecasting additional expected impacts. This article provides a synthesis of the different approaches used around the world for carrying out each of the major steps common to all ecological risk assessment methodologies. The advantages and limitations of these different options are discussed in order to provide elements for formulating any new methodology adapted to a given scenario. To conclude, perspectives for improving the tools required for these methodologies are proposed, and the research works to which priority should be given are identified.
在过去的二十年中，世界各地的许多组织和科学界都制定了大量的生态风险评估方法，用于评估城市和工业系统及设施。尽管这些方法都遵循了使用的基本原则，但它们在选择的方法和应用方法所需的资源方面存在很大差异。此外，它们甚至可能具有不同的目标：例如，在建设新设施之前进行事先评估作为影响研究的一部分，或者进行回顾性评估，以解释记录的影响的原因或预测预期的额外影响。本文综合了世界各地用于执行所有生态风险评估方法共有的主要步骤的不同方法。讨论了这些不同选择的优缺点，以提供针对特定情况制定任何新方法的要素。最后，提出了改进这些方法所需工具的前景，并确定了应优先考虑的研究工作。
