Mental Health Care Institute GGZ Oost-Brabant, Veghel, Netherlands ; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2013 Apr 2;4:152. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00152. eCollection 2013.
Implicit and explicit self-esteem are assumed to be important factors in understanding the onset and maintenance of psychological problems. The current study aims to examine the association between implicit and explicit self-esteem and their interaction with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. Specifically, the relationship between the size and the direction of the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness were examined. Participants were 95 young female adults (M = 21.2 years, SD = 1.88) enrolled in higher education. We administered the IAT to assess implicit self-esteem, and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale to measure explicit self-esteem while psychological problems were assessed through self-reports. Results showed that discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem were positively associated with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. In addition, the direction of the discrepancy was specifically relevant: damaged self-esteem (i.e., high implicit self-esteem and low explicit self-esteem) was consistently associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. In contrast, defensive or fragile self-esteem (i.e., low implicit and high explicit self-esteem) was solely associated with loneliness. These findings provide further support that specifically damaged self-esteem is an important vulnerability marker for depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness.
内隐和外显自尊被认为是理解心理问题的发生和维持的重要因素。本研究旨在探讨内隐和外显自尊之间的关系，以及它们与抑郁症状、自杀意念和孤独感之间的相互作用。具体来说，研究了内隐和外显自尊之间的差异大小及其与抑郁症状、自杀意念和孤独感之间的关系。参与者为 95 名年轻女性成年人（M=21.2 岁，SD=1.88），均接受高等教育。我们使用内隐联想测验（IAT）来评估内隐自尊，使用罗森伯格自尊量表（Rosenberg self-esteem scale）来测量外显自尊，同时通过自我报告来评估心理问题。结果表明，内隐和外显自尊之间的差异与抑郁症状、自杀意念和孤独感呈正相关。此外，差异的方向具有特定的相关性：自尊受损（即高内隐自尊和低外显自尊）与抑郁症状、自杀意念和孤独感的水平增加一致相关。相比之下，防御性或脆弱性自尊（即低内隐和高外显自尊）仅与孤独感相关。这些发现进一步支持了特定的自尊受损是抑郁症状、自杀意念和孤独感的一个重要脆弱性标志。
