Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov st. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Biochimie. 2012 Feb;94(2):551-7. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.09.004. Epub 2011 Sep 17.
Gliadins are seed storage proteins which are characterized by high intervarietal polymorphism and can be used as genetic markers. As a result of our work, a considerably extended catalogue of allelic variants of gliadin component blocks was compiled for durum wheat; 74 allelic variants for four gliadin-coding loci were identified for the first time. The extended catalogue includes a total of 131 allelic variants: 16 for locus Gli-A1(d), 19 for locus Gli-B1(d), 41 for locus Gli-A2(d), and 55 for locus Gli-B2(d). The electrophoretic pattern of the standard cultivar and a diagram are provided for every block identified. The number of alleles per family is quite small for loci Gli-A1(d) and Gli-B1(d) of durum wheat, as contrasted to loci Gli-A2(d) and Gli-B2(d) that are characterized by large families including many alleles. The presence of large block families determines a higher diversity of durum wheat for loci Gli-A2(d) and Gli-B2(d) as compared to Gli-A1(d) and Gli-B1(d). The catalogue of allelic variants of gliadin component blocks can be used by seed farmers to identify durum wheat cultivars and evaluate their purity; by breeders, to obtain homogenous cultivars and control the initial stages of selection; by gene bank experts, to preserve native varieties and the original biotypic composition of cultivars.
醇溶蛋白是种子贮藏蛋白，其具有高度的品种间多态性，可作为遗传标记。通过我们的工作，为硬粒小麦编制了一个相当扩展的醇溶蛋白成分块等位变体目录；首次为四个醇溶蛋白编码基因座鉴定了 74 个等位变体。该扩展目录共包含 131 个等位变体：Gli-A1(d) 基因座 16 个，Gli-B1(d) 基因座 19 个，Gli-A2(d) 基因座 41 个，Gli-B2(d) 基因座 55 个。为每个鉴定的块提供了标准品种的电泳图谱和图谱。与Gli-A2(d)和Gli-B2(d)基因座相比，硬粒小麦Gli-A1(d)和Gli-B1(d)基因座每个家族的等位基因数量相当少，这些基因座的特点是包含许多等位基因的大家族。大的块家族的存在决定了Gli-A2(d)和Gli-B2(d)基因座的硬粒小麦具有更高的多样性，而Gli-A1(d)和Gli-B1(d)基因座则较少。醇溶蛋白成分块的等位变体目录可被种子农民用于鉴定硬粒小麦品种并评估其纯度；可被育种者用于获得同质品种并控制选择的初始阶段；可被基因库专家用于保存本地品种和品种的原始生物型组成。
