Mittal P K, Sreehari U, Razdan R K, Dash A P
National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India.
J Vector Borne Dis. 2011 Sep;48(3):138-43.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Prevention of malaria is a major technical and operational problem in displaced and mobile populations such as refugee camps and temporary labour settlements. Insecticide incorporated plastic sheeting is a new technology to control mosquitoes in emergency shelters and also temporary habitations at different locations. In view of this, efficacy of ZeroFly® , an insecticide incorporated plastic sheeting (factory treated with deltamethrin 2.0 g/kg or 265 mg/m2 ) was evaluated for its efficacy against malaria vectors and its impact on malaria incidence in temporary labour settlements in two urban areas in India.
This trial was conducted in two labour settlements in two urban areas, Delhi and Noida (U.P.), India with ~ 250 populations. In an area, two localities were selected for intervention with ZeroFly and untreated plastic sheets (control). Entomological and epidemiological data were collected using standard methods for one year.
Baseline studies on the susceptibility of mosquitoes in Delhi and Noida areas revealed 100% susceptibility of the malaria vector species Anopheles culicifacies and An. stephensi to deltamethrin. Cone bioassay tests performed against An. culicifacies and An. stephensi to determine the efficacy of ZeroFly sheets showed 100% mortality against An. culicifacies and An. stephensi with 3 min exposure and after 24 h recovery period. Against Culex quinquefasciatus and housefly 100% mortality was obtained after 30 min of exposure period. Intervention with the ZeroFly plastic sheets resulted in almost complete reduction in the resting density of An. culicifacies and An. stephensi, the two major malaria vectors and also in the reduction of malaria cases in ZeroFly camps as compared to control camps. The ZeroFly plastic sheeting was found to be safe for human. Barring some complaints of skin irritation and itching, which were temporary in nature, no adverse health effects were reported by the users. The community acceptance was high.
Results of the present study revealed that ZeroFly® plastic sheeting is highly effective in reducing the indoor resting density of mosquitoes, man -vector contact and malaria incidences in labour populations living in temporary shelters.
在难民营和临时劳工定居点等流离失所及流动人群中，疟疾预防是一个重大的技术和操作难题。含杀虫剂的塑料布是一种用于控制紧急避难所及不同地点临时住所中蚊子的新技术。鉴于此，对ZeroFly®（一种含杀虫剂的塑料布，用2.0克/千克或265毫克/平方米的溴氰菊酯进行工厂处理）针对疟疾病媒的效果及其对印度两个城市地区临时劳工定居点疟疾发病率的影响进行了评估。
该试验在印度德里和诺伊达（北方邦）两个城市地区的两个劳工定居点进行，每个定居点约有250人。在一个区域内，选择两个地点分别使用ZeroFly塑料布和未处理的塑料布（对照）进行干预。采用标准方法收集了一年的昆虫学和流行病学数据。
德里和诺伊达地区蚊子易感性的基线研究表明，疟疾病媒库蚊按蚊和斯氏按蚊对溴氰菊酯的易感性为100%。针对库蚊按蚊和斯氏按蚊进行的锥形生物测定试验，以确定ZeroFly塑料布的效果，结果显示，暴露3分钟并经过24小时恢复期后，对库蚊按蚊和斯氏按蚊的死亡率为100%。暴露30分钟后，对致倦库蚊和家蝇的死亡率为100%。与对照营地相比，使用ZeroFly塑料布进行干预后，库蚊按蚊和斯氏按蚊这两种主要疟疾病媒的栖息密度几乎完全降低，ZeroFly营地的疟疾病例也有所减少。发现ZeroFly塑料布对人体安全。除了一些性质为暂时性的皮肤刺激和瘙痒投诉外，使用者未报告有不良健康影响。社区接受度很高。
本研究结果表明，ZeroFly®塑料布在降低居住在临时住所的劳工人群室内蚊子栖息密度、人与病媒接触以及疟疾发病率方面非常有效。
