State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2011 Nov;99(2):350-8. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.31906. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
Implantation of synthetic materials into body elicits inflammatory host responses that limit medical device integration and biological performance. Since the effective use of biomaterials in vivo requires good biocompatibility and bio-functionality, it is vital that we assess the inflammatory reactions provoked by various implanted biomaterials. In chemical precipitation of β-tricalcium phosphate [β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂, β-TCP], the impurity of calcium pyrophosphate (Ca₂P₂O₇, CPP) will easily appear if the preparation conditions are not well controlled. To test the influences of CCP-impurity on the biocompatibility of the material, four groups of β-TCP ceramic samples doped with 0.5-10 wt % of CCP impurity, and pure β-TCP and CCP samples were fabricated and implanted in rat subcutaneous site for one, two, and four weeks. The host tissue responses to the ceramics were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis, and the results were compared with pure β-TCPbioceramics. The results show that the CPP impurity can elicit and stimulate the inflammatory responses at the tissue/implant interface. Moreover, with the increase of CPP doping amount, the inflammation increases apparently. However, the pure β-TCP bioceramics only present slight post-implantation inflammatory responses. The influence of the CPP doping on the inflammatory responses is mainly related to a microparticles release because of an insufficient sintering of β-TCP by CPP doping. The microparticle release could be at the origin of local inflammation and cell/tissue damages. Therefore, to obtain perfect biocompatibility and high quality β-TCP bioceramics, it is important to avoid and control the CPP impurity in the preparation of β-TCP powders and bioceramics.
将合成材料植入体内会引发炎症反应，从而限制医疗器械的整合和生物性能。由于生物材料在体内的有效应用需要良好的生物相容性和生物功能性，因此评估各种植入生物材料引起的炎症反应至关重要。在β-磷酸三钙（β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂，β-TCP）的化学沉淀中，如果制备条件控制不当，很容易出现焦磷酸钙（Ca₂P₂O₇，CPP）杂质。为了测试 CCP 杂质对材料生物相容性的影响，制备了掺杂 0.5-10wt%CCP 杂质的四组β-TCP 陶瓷样品和纯β-TCP 和 CCP 样品，并植入大鼠皮下 1、2 和 4 周。通过组织形态计量学分析评估陶瓷的宿主组织反应，并与纯β-TCP 生物陶瓷进行比较。结果表明，CPP 杂质可以在组织/植入物界面引发和刺激炎症反应。而且，随着 CPP 掺杂量的增加，炎症明显增加。然而，纯β-TCP 生物陶瓷仅呈现轻微的植入后炎症反应。CPP 掺杂对炎症反应的影响主要与由于 CPP 掺杂导致β-TCP 烧结不足而产生的微颗粒释放有关。微颗粒释放可能是局部炎症和细胞/组织损伤的原因。因此，为了获得完美的生物相容性和高质量的β-TCP 生物陶瓷，在制备β-TCP 粉末和生物陶瓷时避免和控制 CPP 杂质非常重要。
