University of Minnesota.
Urban Stud. 2011;48(8):1581-1604. doi: 10.1177/0042098010375323.
The gentrification that has transformed high-poverty neighbourhoods in US cities since the mid 1990s has been characterised by high levels of state reinvestment. Prominent among public-sector interventions has been the demolition of public housing and in some cases multimillion dollar redevelopment efforts. In this paper, the racial dimension of state-supported gentrification in large US cities is examined by looking at the direct and indirect displacement induced by public housing transformation. The data show a clear tendency towards the demolition of public housing projects with disproportionately high African American occupancy. The pattern of indirect displacement is more varied; public housing transformation has produced a number of paths of neighbourhood change. The most common, however, involve significant reductions in poverty, sometimes associated with Black to White racial turnover and sometimes not. The findings underscore the central importance of race in understanding the dynamics of gentrification in US cities.
自 20 世纪 90 年代中期以来，美国城市中出现了一种将高贫困社区进行高档化改造的现象，其特点是州政府进行了大量的再投资。在公共部门的干预措施中，最引人注目的是拆除公共住房，在某些情况下，还进行了耗资数百万美元的重建工作。本文通过考察公共住房转型所导致的直接和间接流离失所现象，研究了美国大城市中由政府支持的高档化改造的种族维度。研究数据表明，公共住房项目的拆除存在明显的偏向，居住者中非洲裔美国人的比例过高。间接流离失所的模式则更加多样化；公共住房的转型产生了一些社区变化的途径。然而，最常见的情况是贫困程度显著降低，有时伴随着黑人群体向白人群体的转变，有时则没有。这些发现强调了种族在美国城市高档化动态中具有核心重要性。
