Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Int J Dermatol. 2011 Oct;50(10):1286-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04947.x.
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer to occur in Caucasian populations, and its incidence is increasing. Despite its frequency, there is a paucity of data on risk factors for BCC in some regions.
This study investigated the association between pigmentary characteristics, distinctive patterns of solar exposure, habits and lifestyle, and risk for BCC among patients attending a dermatology center in a region in southern Brazil.
We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study that included 127 case patients with histologically confirmed BCC and 280 cancer-free control subjects with other dermatologic conditions, observed between January 2006 and December 2007. The study was conducted using a questionnaire and physical examination by a dermatologist. Relative risks were estimated using exposure odds ratios generated by cross-tabulation and logistic regression models.
Risk for BCC was associated with family history of skin cancer, Fitzpatrick skin type I, and the presence of actinic keratoses, solar lentigines, leukoderma, and elastosis romboidalis nuchae. No effect was found for different patterns of solar exposure, eye, hair or skin color, exposure to non-solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), or lifestyle-related habits such as sunscreen use and cigarette smoking.
The results of this study suggest that skin type and family history of skin cancer may be important in establishing risk for developing BCC. Additionally, the detection by clinical examination of skin markers related to UVR action is important in establishing which patients are more likely to develop BCC.
基底细胞癌（BCC）是白人中最常见的癌症，其发病率正在上升。尽管它很常见，但在某些地区，关于 BCC 危险因素的数据很少。
本研究调查了巴西南部某地区皮肤科中心就诊的患者中色素特征、日光暴露的独特模式、习惯和生活方式与 BCC 风险之间的关系。
我们进行了一项基于医院的病例对照研究，包括 127 例经组织学证实的 BCC 病例患者和 280 例患有其他皮肤病的无癌对照患者，观察时间为 2006 年 1 月至 2007 年 12 月。研究采用问卷调查和皮肤科医生进行的体格检查。使用交叉表和逻辑回归模型生成的暴露比值比估计相对风险。
BCC 的风险与皮肤癌家族史、Fitzpatrick 皮肤类型 I 以及光化性角化病、日光性雀斑、白癜、菱形弹力纤维疹的存在有关。不同的日光暴露模式、眼睛、头发或皮肤颜色、非日光紫外线辐射（UVR）暴露或防晒霜使用和吸烟等生活方式相关习惯对 BCC 风险没有影响。
本研究结果表明，皮肤类型和皮肤癌家族史可能是确定发生 BCC 风险的重要因素。此外，通过临床检查检测与 UVR 作用相关的皮肤标志物对于确定哪些患者更容易发生 BCC 非常重要。
