Department of Pediatrics--Developmental Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011 Sep;53 Suppl 4:62-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04067.x.
During the past two decades, awareness of the role of the family in the child's life has increased and the term 'family-centred services' (FCS) has been introduced to facilitate care for children with special needs and their families. It is, however, unclear how various early intervention programmes incorporate family involvement in service delivery. The present study systematically analyses the nature of family involvement in six frequently used early intervention programmes for infants at high risk of developmental disorders: neurodevelopmental treatment, treatment according to Vojta, Conductive Education, Infant Health and Development Program, Infant Behaviour Assessment and Intervention Program, and Coping with and Caring for infants with special needs - a family-centred programme (COPCA). The analysis shows that the role of the family is diverse: it varies from parent training to be a therapist without attention to family function (in Vojta) to the autonomous family that receives coaching (COPCA). The data suggest two trends over time: (1) from child-focused to family-focused orientation; and (2) from professionally directed guidance to coaching based on equal partnership.
在过去的二十年中，人们越来越意识到家庭在孩子生活中的作用，因此引入了“以家庭为中心的服务”（FCS）一词，以方便为有特殊需要的儿童及其家庭提供护理。然而，目前尚不清楚各种早期干预计划如何将家庭参与纳入服务提供中。本研究系统地分析了六种常用于有发育障碍高风险婴儿的早期干预计划中家庭参与的性质：神经发育治疗、Vojta 治疗、感觉统合训练、婴儿健康与发展计划、婴儿行为评估与干预计划以及应对和照顾有特殊需要的婴儿——以家庭为中心的计划（COPCA）。分析表明，家庭的角色是多样化的：从关注家庭功能的家长培训到没有关注家庭功能的治疗师（在 Vojta 治疗中），再到接受指导的自主家庭（在 COPCA 中）。数据表明，随着时间的推移存在两种趋势：（1）从以儿童为中心到以家庭为中心的方向；（2）从专业指导到基于平等伙伴关系的辅导。
