Human Immune Therapy Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
Cancer J. 2011 Sep-Oct;17(5):343-50. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0b013e318233e5b2.
Peptide vaccines incorporate one or more short or long amino acid sequences as tumor antigens, combined with a vaccine adjuvant. Thus, they fall broadly into the category of defined antigen vaccines, along with vaccines using protein, protein subunits, DNA, or RNA. They remain one of the most immunogenic approaches, based on measures of T-cell response in the blood or in draining lymph nodes. However, existing peptide vaccines have had limited success at inducing clinical tumor regressions, despite reliable induction of T-cell responses. Several new developments offer promise for improving peptide vaccines, including use of long peptides, optimization of adjuvants including toll-like receptor agonists, and combination with systemic therapies that may reduce tumor-associated immune dysfunction, such as blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. To apply these new approaches optimally, it will be critical to study their effects in the context of defined antigens, for which peptide vaccines are optimal.
肽疫苗将一个或多个短或长的氨基酸序列作为肿瘤抗原，与疫苗佐剂结合。因此，它们广泛地属于定义明确的抗原疫苗类别，与使用蛋白质、蛋白质亚基、DNA 或 RNA 的疫苗一样。它们仍然是最具免疫原性的方法之一，基于血液或引流淋巴结中 T 细胞反应的测量。然而，尽管确实诱导了 T 细胞反应，但现有的肽疫苗在诱导临床肿瘤消退方面的效果有限。一些新的发展为改进肽疫苗提供了希望，包括使用长肽、优化佐剂（包括 Toll 样受体激动剂）以及与可能减少肿瘤相关免疫功能障碍的全身性治疗相结合，例如阻断 PD-1/PD-L1 相互作用。为了最佳地应用这些新方法，在肽疫苗是最佳选择的情况下，研究它们在明确抗原背景下的作用将至关重要。
