Li Xiong, Zhu Ya-Juan, Xue Ying, Chen Ting-Ting, Sun Xiao-Ke, Shi Hong-Yang
Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Jun 12;17(12):1953. doi: 10.3390/cancers17121953.
Lung cancer ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors, characterized by delayed diagnosis, limited treatment efficacy, and generally poor prognosis. Consequently, there is an urgent demand for effective treatments. Neoantigen-based immunotherapy emerged as a promising strategy in lung cancer treatment as ideal targets for immunotherapy interventions. Neoantigens are tumor-specific antigens produced by genetic mutations in somatic cells, which, unlike tumor-associated antigens, are found only in tumor tissue. Neoantigen immunotherapy has the advantages of high specificity, high safety and low immunotolerance, especially for lung cancer patients with a high tumor mutation load. We systematically summarize the biological characteristics, prediction and identification, mechanism of action, clinical application, risk challenges, and prospects of neoantigens as a novel precision immunotherapy method in lung cancer to provide valuable insights and references for the advancement of lung cancer treatment strategies.
肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，其特点是诊断延迟、治疗效果有限且总体预后较差。因此，迫切需要有效的治疗方法。基于新抗原的免疫疗法作为免疫治疗干预的理想靶点，在肺癌治疗中成为一种有前景的策略。新抗原是体细胞基因突变产生的肿瘤特异性抗原，与肿瘤相关抗原不同，仅在肿瘤组织中发现。新抗原免疫疗法具有高特异性、高安全性和低免疫耐受性的优点，尤其适用于肿瘤突变负荷高的肺癌患者。我们系统总结了新抗原作为肺癌新型精准免疫治疗方法的生物学特性、预测与鉴定、作用机制、临床应用、风险挑战及前景，为肺癌治疗策略的推进提供有价值的见解和参考。
