Elena Velkoska, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, Heidelberg Heights, 3081, Victoria, Australia.
World J Diabetes. 2011 Aug 15;2(8):127-32. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v2.i8.127.
Obesity is increasing around the globe. While adult lifestyle factors undoubtedly contribute to the incidence of obesity and its attendant disorders, mounting evidence suggests that programming of obesity may occur following under- and over-nutrition during development. As hypothalamic control of appetite and energy expenditure is set early in life and can be perturbed by certain exposures such as undernutrition and altered metabolic and hormonal signals, in utero exposure to altered maternal nutrition and inadequate nutrition during early postnatal life may contribute to programming of obesity in offspring. Data from animal studies indicate both intrauterine and postnatal environments are critical determinants of the development of pathways regulating energy homeostasis. This review summarizes recent evidence of the impact of maternal nutrition as well as postnatal nutrition of the offspring on subsequent obesity and disease risk of the offspring. While much of the experimental work reviewed here was conducted in the rodent, these observations provide useful insights into avenues for future research into developing preventive measures to curb the obesity epidemic.
肥胖症在全球范围内不断增加。虽然成年人的生活方式因素无疑促成了肥胖症及其相关疾病的发生，但越来越多的证据表明，肥胖症的发生可能是由于在发育过程中营养不足和营养过剩。由于食欲和能量消耗的下丘脑控制在生命早期就已确定，并且可能会受到某些暴露的干扰，如营养不良和代谢及激素信号改变，因此，胎儿期暴露于改变了的母体营养和新生儿期营养不足可能会导致后代肥胖的发生。来自动物研究的数据表明，宫内和产后环境都是调节能量平衡通路发育的关键决定因素。本综述总结了近期关于母体营养以及后代产后营养对后代肥胖和疾病风险的影响的证据。虽然这里回顾的大部分实验工作都是在啮齿动物中进行的，但这些观察结果为未来研究提供了有用的思路，以制定预防措施来遏制肥胖症的流行。
