Didier Vieau, Perinatal Environment and Growth Laboratory (EA4489), Lille-North of France University, Maternal Perinatal Undernutrition Team, University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille, Flat SN4, 2nd stair, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
World J Diabetes. 2011 Sep 15;2(9):133-6. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v2.i9.133.
Data indicate that perinatal nutritional insults not onlyhave short-term consequences on the growth velocity of the fetus/neonate but also sensitize to the development of metabolic adult diseases. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the so-called "Developmental Origin of Health and Adult Diseases" are still largely unknown and depend on the type of alteration (nutritional, psychological, endocrine disruptors, etc.), its intensity and duration, species, sex and the time during which it is applied. Perinatal stress, via disturbances of both hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympatho-adrenal-system (SAS), as well as brain-adipose axis and pancreas alterations could play a crucial role. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that perinatal insults may be transmitted transgenerationally, suggesting that these long-term consequences may be inherited via epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, since the placenta has been demonstrated to be sensitive to perinatal nutritional manipulations, the identification of placental markers may thus represent an important new avenue to identify the more susceptible babies prone to developing metabolic diseases.
数据表明，围产期营养损伤不仅对胎儿/新生儿的生长速度有短期影响，而且还会导致代谢性成人疾病的发生。所谓“健康与成人疾病的发育起源”的病理生理机制在很大程度上仍不清楚，这取决于改变的类型（营养、心理、内分泌干扰物等）、其强度和持续时间、物种、性别以及应用的时间。围产期应激通过下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴和交感-肾上腺系统（SAS）的紊乱，以及大脑-脂肪轴和胰腺的改变，可能起着至关重要的作用。有趣的是，已经证明围产期的损伤可以跨代传递，这表明这些长期后果可能通过表观遗传机制遗传。最后，由于已经证明胎盘对围产期营养处理敏感，因此鉴定胎盘标志物可能是确定更容易发生代谢性疾病的易感婴儿的一个重要新途径。
