Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Ambio. 2011 Sep;40(6):600-9. doi: 10.1007/s13280-011-0167-z.
A 30-year series (1978-2007) of photographic records were analysed to determine changes in lake ice cover, local (low elevation) and montane (high elevation) snow cover and phenological stages of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) at the Abisko Scientific Research Station, Sweden. In most cases, the photographic-derived data showed no significant difference in phenophase score from manually observed field records from the same period, demonstrating the accuracy and potential of using weekly repeat photography as a quicker, cheaper and more adaptable tool to remotely study phenology in both biological and physical systems. Overall, increases in ambient temperatures coupled with decreases in winter ice and snow cover, and earlier occurrence of birch foliage, signal a reduction in the length of winter, a shift towards earlier springs and an increase in the length of available growing season in the Swedish sub-arctic.
对 1978 年至 2007 年的 30 年摄影记录进行了分析，以确定瑞典阿比斯库科学研究站的湖泊冰盖、当地（低海拔）和山地（高海拔）积雪以及山桦（Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii）物候阶段的变化。在大多数情况下，摄影数据与同一时期人工观测的野外记录在物候阶段评分上没有显著差异，这证明了使用每周重复摄影作为一种更快、更便宜、更具适应性的工具来远程研究生物和物理系统物候的准确性和潜力。总的来说，环境温度的升高，加上冬季冰雪覆盖的减少，以及桦树叶子更早出现，表明冬季长度的缩短，春季的提前到来以及瑞典亚北极地区可生长季节长度的增加。
