Cap L, Lauterburg B H
Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Universität Bern.
Ther Umsch. 1990 May;47(5):350-7.
Ethanol has profound effects on cellular function, causes hormonal imbalance and either directly or indirectly results in nutritional deficiencies. Together with genetic and environmental factors these metabolic changes eventually cause functional and structural damage to liver, heart, central nervous system and other organs. In order to prevent organ injury the early recognition of the alcoholic patient is important. The combination of physician interview, questionnaire and laboratory markers of ethanol abuse [MCV, GGT, AST and others] is useful for the diagnosis of alcoholism. Abstinence is the most important therapeutic measure. The treatment of organ damage has so far been symptomatic. Initial results of trials of specific treatment of alcoholic liver disease are encouraging.
乙醇对细胞功能有深远影响，会导致激素失衡，并直接或间接导致营养缺乏。这些代谢变化与遗传和环境因素一起，最终会对肝脏、心脏、中枢神经系统和其他器官造成功能和结构损伤。为了预防器官损伤，早期识别酒精中毒患者很重要。医生问诊、问卷调查以及乙醇滥用的实验室指标（平均红细胞体积、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶等）相结合，有助于酒精中毒的诊断。戒酒是最重要的治疗措施。迄今为止，器官损伤的治疗一直是对症治疗。酒精性肝病特异性治疗试验的初步结果令人鼓舞。
