Institute of Health Economics, 1200-10,405 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T5J 3N4, Canada.
Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2011 Oct;11(5):507-11. doi: 10.1586/erp.11.58.
In the 1980s, drug prices began rising considerably worldwide, and in the 1990s, countries began incorporating health economics into the scientific review process. Rising prices in vaccines began around the year 2000 and national bodies began to use health economics to review vaccines in the next decade. Health economics is a discipline that evaluates alternative interventions, balancing costs and health outcomes. There are characteristics of infectious diseases that differ from other illnesses, most notably the herd effect. We reviewed the role of economics in conducting vaccine scientific reviews. We conclude that health economics can move some of the considerations in vaccine policy decision-making from the political to the scientific arena, but there are still many unresolved issues. Health economists will continue to address these issues in the coming years, but there will always be a need for a separate policy review.
20 世纪 80 年代，全球药品价格开始大幅上涨，90 年代，各国开始将健康经济学纳入科学审查过程。疫苗价格的上涨始于 21 世纪初，各国机构开始在下一个十年使用健康经济学来审查疫苗。健康经济学是一门评估替代干预措施的学科，平衡成本和健康结果。传染病具有不同于其他疾病的特点，最显著的是群体效应。我们回顾了经济学在进行疫苗科学审查中的作用。我们得出结论，健康经济学可以将疫苗政策决策中的一些考虑因素从政治领域转移到科学领域，但仍有许多未解决的问题。健康经济学家将在未来几年继续解决这些问题，但仍将需要进行单独的政策审查。
