Cancer Society of New Zealand Social and Behavioural Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
J Urban Health. 2012 Feb;89(1):171-84. doi: 10.1007/s11524-011-9622-1.
This study assessed whether an upgrade of playgrounds in a community was associated with changes in the physical activity of local children. The study used a natural experiment design with a local authority project to upgrade two community playgrounds as the intervention and a matched control community. Children's physical activity was measured by an Actigraph GT1M accelerometer worn for 8 days, enabling up to 6 days of data to be analyzed. A self-administered parent/guardian questionnaire was used to collect additional data, including perceptions of the neighborhood, school-travel modes, days involved in extracurricular activities, ethnicity, caregiver age, caregiver sex, household vehicle access, and household income. At baseline, 184 children (5-10 years old) participated. Of these, 156 completed the 1-year follow-up assessment (20% lost to follow-up). There was statistically significant evidence that change in mean total daily physical activity was associated with on an interaction between participant's body mass index (BMI) z-score and her or his community of residence (p = 0.006), with the intervention being associated with higher levels of activity for children with lower BMIs but lower levels for children with higher BMIs. Physical activity is not the only focus of local authority playground provision as playgrounds also have benefits for social development and fundamental movement skills. However, making sure that physical activity is always included in the design rationale and that playgrounds are designed to encourage and sustain physical activity could be a useful population health intervention. The effects of such interventions on different subgroups are of importance, especially if the effects differ over levels of BMI.
本研究旨在评估社区游乐场升级是否与当地儿童身体活动的变化有关。该研究采用自然实验设计，以地方当局的项目为干预措施，将两个社区游乐场升级为干预组，选择一个匹配的对照组社区。通过 Actigraph GT1M 加速度计佩戴 8 天，每天最多可分析 6 天的数据，来测量儿童的身体活动。使用自我管理的家长/监护人问卷收集其他数据，包括对邻里、上学出行方式、参与课外活动的天数、种族、照顾者年龄、照顾者性别、家庭车辆使用情况和家庭收入的看法。在基线时，有 184 名儿童（5-10 岁）参与了研究。其中，有 156 名儿童完成了为期 1 年的随访评估（20%失访）。有统计学证据表明，平均每日总身体活动量的变化与参与者的体重指数（BMI）z 分数和其居住社区之间的相互作用有关（p=0.006），干预措施与 BMI 较低的儿童的身体活动水平较高相关，但与 BMI 较高的儿童的身体活动水平较低相关。作为地方当局游乐场提供的不仅仅是身体活动，游乐场还有助于社交发展和基本运动技能。然而，确保身体活动始终包含在设计原理中，并且游乐场的设计旨在鼓励和维持身体活动，这可能是一种有用的人群健康干预措施。这种干预措施对不同亚组的影响很重要，尤其是如果效果在 BMI 水平上存在差异。
