Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2012 Mar;12(1):34-51. doi: 10.3758/s13415-011-0061-y.
This study examined how self-relevant failure influences error monitoring--as reflected in the error-related negativity (Ne/ERN) --and behavioral adaptation during subsequent feedback-based learning. We applied two phases (pre- and posttest) of a probabilistic learning task. Between pre- and posttest, participants were assigned to one of two groups receiving either failure feedback or no feedback during a visual search task described as diagnostic of intellectual abilities. To disentangle the effects of failure and motivational disengagement due to prolonged task performance, we linked the posttest to intelligence (Experiment 1) or described it in neutral terms (Experiment 2). Failure induction was associated with an increase in Ne/ERN amplitude at posttest in both experiments, although there were no differences in overall performance. In contrast, the Ne/ERN decreased from pre- to posttest in the no-failure-feedback group, particularly in Experiment 2. Furthermore, failure feedback affected error-related behavioral adjustments, suggesting a shift toward a reactive, error-driven mode of behavior control. These findings emphasize the importance of affective-motivational state in error processing and subsequent behavioral adaptation.
本研究考察了自我相关的失败如何影响错误监测——反映在错误相关负向波（Ne/ERN）中——以及随后基于反馈的学习中的行为适应。我们应用了概率学习任务的两个阶段（前测和后测）。在前测和后测之间，参与者被分配到两个组中的一个，在一个被描述为智力能力诊断的视觉搜索任务中，一个组接受失败反馈，另一个组不接受失败反馈。为了区分由于长时间任务表现而导致的失败和动机脱离的影响，我们将后测与智力（实验 1）或用中性术语描述（实验 2）联系起来。尽管在整体表现上没有差异，但在两个实验中，失败诱导与后测时 Ne/ERN 振幅的增加有关。相比之下，在前测和后测之间，无失败反馈组的 Ne/ERN 降低，特别是在实验 2中。此外，失败反馈影响了与错误相关的行为调整，表明行为控制向反应性、错误驱动模式的转变。这些发现强调了情感动机状态在错误处理和随后的行为适应中的重要性。
