University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Oct;50(10):1054-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.06.013. Epub 2011 Jul 29.
Previous studies show that children with psychopathic traits may be less responsive to parenting. Although harsh/inconsistent parenting is associated with increased problem behaviors in children low on psychopathic traits, children high on psychopathic traits show consistently high levels of problem behavior regardless of negative parenting. Moderating effects of child psychopathic traits on positive dimensions of parenting have not been explored.
We applied multi-level regression models to test for interactions between child psychopathic traits and both positive and negative parental affect on individual differences in both reactive and proactive aggression, in a community-based sample of 1,158 children aged 9 through 10 years of age.
There were significant associations between child psychopathic traits and positive and negative parental affect with both forms of aggression. Child psychopathic traits also moderated effects of positive and negative parental affect. Children low on psychopathic traits showed decreasing reactive aggression as positive parental affect increased, and increasing levels of reactive aggression as negative parental affect increased, but children high on psychopathic traits showed more stable levels of reactive aggression regardless of levels of parental affect. Proactive aggression was more strongly associated with negative parental affect among children with higher levels of psychopathic traits.
In a community sample of preadolescent children, child psychopathic traits were shown to moderate the effects of parental affect on aggression. Reactive aggression in children high on psychopathic traits appears less responsive to variations in either positive or negative parenting. In contrast, child psychopathic traits may exacerbate the effects of high levels of negative parental effect on proactive aggression.
先前的研究表明，具有精神病态特征的儿童可能对父母教养的反应较低。尽管严厉/不一致的教养方式与具有较低精神病态特征的儿童的问题行为增加有关，但具有较高精神病态特征的儿童无论负面教养如何，其问题行为水平始终较高。儿童精神病态特征对积极教养维度的调节作用尚未得到探索。
我们应用多层回归模型，在基于社区的 1158 名 9 至 10 岁儿童的样本中，测试儿童精神病态特征与积极和消极父母情感与反应性和主动性攻击个体差异之间的相互作用。
儿童精神病态特征与积极和消极父母情感与两种形式的攻击均存在关联。儿童精神病态特征也调节了积极和消极父母情感的影响。具有较低精神病态特征的儿童表现出随着积极父母情感的增加而反应性攻击减少，随着消极父母情感的增加而反应性攻击增加，但具有较高精神病态特征的儿童无论父母情感水平如何，反应性攻击水平都较为稳定。在具有较高精神病态特征的儿童中，主动性攻击与较高水平的消极父母情感的关联更强。
在一个青春期前儿童的社区样本中，儿童精神病态特征被证明可以调节父母情感对攻击的影响。具有较高精神病态特征的儿童的反应性攻击对积极或消极教养的变化反应性较低。相比之下，儿童精神病态特征可能会加剧高水平消极父母效应对主动性攻击的影响。
