School of Law, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
Reprod Biomed Online. 2011 Nov;23(5):538-45. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.07.008. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
The growing phenomenon of cross-border reproductive travel has four significant legal dimensions. First, laws that ban or inhibit access to assisted reproductive procedures in one country lead patients and physicians to travel to other countries to acquire, to contribute to or to provide assisted reproductive services. Such laws may include provisions that criminalize those who assist or advise patients to undertake such travel. Second, the law may expressly criminalize crossing borders to obtain, to be a donor for or to perform certain procedures. Third, the law may interfere with the ultimate goal of reproductive travellers by refusing to recognize them as the parents of the child they have crossed borders to conceive. Finally, facilitating cross-border reproductive travel may expose physicians, attorneys and brokers to malpractice or other civil liability. This article explores these legal dimensions of cross-border reproductive care and uses the legal doctrines of proportionality, extraterritoriality and comity to assess the legality and normative validity of governmental efforts to curb or limit assisted reproductive practices.
跨境生殖旅游的日益增多现象具有四个重要的法律层面。首先，禁止或限制在一个国家获得辅助生殖程序的法律导致患者和医生前往其他国家获取、贡献或提供辅助生殖服务。这些法律可能包括将那些协助或建议患者进行此类旅行的人定罪的规定。其次，法律可能明确将越境获取、成为捐赠者或进行某些程序定为犯罪。第三，法律可能通过拒绝承认跨境生育的旅行者为孩子的父母来干扰生殖旅行者的最终目标。最后，促进跨境生殖旅游可能使医生、律师和经纪人面临医疗事故或其他民事责任。本文探讨了跨境生殖护理的这些法律层面，并使用相称性、治外法权和礼让的法律原则来评估政府遏制或限制辅助生殖实践的努力的合法性和规范有效性。
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